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<p>The present paper examines environmental taxation, energy uncertainty, natural resource rents, and trade liberalisation, and how these factors affect green technological innovation in OECD member countries. Green innovation is currently at the centre of long-term growth strategy, due to the recent climate commitments and net-zero agendas; however, the existing pace of growth in both economies with otherwise similar developmental trajectories differs significantly. To work around this heterogeneity, we examine intensified environmental tax regimes, reduced energy uncertainty, cautious experience with resource rents, and increased lax trade to support higher levels of green technology action. We assert that environmental tax and trade freedom have a positive impact on green innovation, while energy uncertainty and resource rents have a negative impact; we further argue that the associations are asymmetric. Using annual observations from OECD countries in the 2005–2023 sample, we estimate second-generation panel models that address cross-sectional dependence decay and heterogeneous slope parameters. To estimate benchmark long-run elasticities, a cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS -ADL) specification is initially estimated. These are then followed by a panel nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model, which captures asymmetric responses to positive and negative shocks for each explanatory variable. The cointegration tests confirmed that, in the long run, relationships exist among the study's variables, whereas the directionality of the variables was measured using Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests. The evidence suggests that environmental taxes and trade openness promote green technological innovation, but increased energy-related uncertainty and higher natural resource rents limit it. Negative perturbations (that is, tax cuts, sudden spikes in energy uncertainty, or rent increases) have correspondingly stronger and longer-lasting effects than positively equivalent shocks. The results indicate that it is critical to maintain stable environmental taxes, pursue policies to balance energy risks and resource revenue, and implement rules-based, open trade regimes to ensure the long-term progress of green technology in OECD economies.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Asymmetric effects of environmental tax, energy uncertainty, and trade freedom on green technological innovation in OECD countries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月21日

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  • Md. Qamruzzaman

摘要

The present paper examines environmental taxation, energy uncertainty, natural resource rents, and trade liberalisation, and how these factors affect green technological innovation in OECD member countries. Green innovation is currently at the centre of long-term growth strategy, due to the recent climate commitments and net-zero agendas; however, the existing pace of growth in both economies with otherwise similar developmental trajectories differs significantly. To work around this heterogeneity, we examine intensified environmental tax regimes, reduced energy uncertainty, cautious experience with resource rents, and increased lax trade to support higher levels of green technology action. We assert that environmental tax and trade freedom have a positive impact on green innovation, while energy uncertainty and resource rents have a negative impact; we further argue that the associations are asymmetric. Using annual observations from OECD countries in the 2005–2023 sample, we estimate second-generation panel models that address cross-sectional dependence decay and heterogeneous slope parameters. To estimate benchmark long-run elasticities, a cross-sectionally augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS -ADL) specification is initially estimated. These are then followed by a panel nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) model, which captures asymmetric responses to positive and negative shocks for each explanatory variable. The cointegration tests confirmed that, in the long run, relationships exist among the study's variables, whereas the directionality of the variables was measured using Dumitrescu-Hurlin panel causality tests. The evidence suggests that environmental taxes and trade openness promote green technological innovation, but increased energy-related uncertainty and higher natural resource rents limit it. Negative perturbations (that is, tax cuts, sudden spikes in energy uncertainty, or rent increases) have correspondingly stronger and longer-lasting effects than positively equivalent shocks. The results indicate that it is critical to maintain stable environmental taxes, pursue policies to balance energy risks and resource revenue, and implement rules-based, open trade regimes to ensure the long-term progress of green technology in OECD economies.

Graphical abstract