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<p>This systematic literature review examines the discourse on research paradigms for the period of 36&#xa0;years (1989–2024). 45 studies were selected on the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis of selected studies was used to answer five research questions aiming for critical analysis of the applicability of different paradigms in real-life complex scenarios, the use of interpretive paradigms, the trend and evolution of the use of paradigms in various disciplinary contexts, methodological integration, and the relevance of different paradigms for addressing social justice and change. The positivist paradigm was critiqued for its reductionist approach, and the need for a pluralistic perspective through methodological integration was emphasized. Interpretivist and interdisciplinary approaches were found suitable for exploring subjective, context-dependent realities. Disciplinary shifts from positivism to interpretivism were also observed in nursing, medical education, and social work. The study emphasizes that researchers need to have epistemological awareness in order to address complex methodological challenges. Critical theory and participatory research emerge as transformative paradigms for understanding and enhancing social justice. The study engages in debates about research paradigms and provides practical guidelines for applying them in the social sciences and professional disciplines.</p>

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Research paradigms: a systematic literature review of methodological shifts and interdisciplinary approaches in research

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月2日

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  • Chandra Shekhar Pandey,
  • Patanjali Mishra,
  • Shri Ram Pandey,
  • Ratan Deep Singh,
  • Shweta Pandey

摘要

This systematic literature review examines the discourse on research paradigms for the period of 36 years (1989–2024). 45 studies were selected on the basis of predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thematic synthesis of selected studies was used to answer five research questions aiming for critical analysis of the applicability of different paradigms in real-life complex scenarios, the use of interpretive paradigms, the trend and evolution of the use of paradigms in various disciplinary contexts, methodological integration, and the relevance of different paradigms for addressing social justice and change. The positivist paradigm was critiqued for its reductionist approach, and the need for a pluralistic perspective through methodological integration was emphasized. Interpretivist and interdisciplinary approaches were found suitable for exploring subjective, context-dependent realities. Disciplinary shifts from positivism to interpretivism were also observed in nursing, medical education, and social work. The study emphasizes that researchers need to have epistemological awareness in order to address complex methodological challenges. Critical theory and participatory research emerge as transformative paradigms for understanding and enhancing social justice. The study engages in debates about research paradigms and provides practical guidelines for applying them in the social sciences and professional disciplines.