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<p>Great companies follow unique sets of principles that enable them to transition from mediocrity to sustained excellence. Leadership plays a crucial role in facilitating this leap, and Collins (<a href="https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=7io-2eqxSS0C">https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=7io-2eqxSS0C</a>, 2011), in his famous study Good to Great, identified such leaders as Level 5 Leaders. Level 5 leadership is not only relevant in the current era but also essential for companies striving to transform into high-growth enterprises. Our research aimed to develop a validated scale for measuring Level 5 Leadership (L5L). Following the steps and procedures recommended by Hinkin (Manage. 21:967–988, 1995), we outlined a six-step process based on diverse independent samples to establish a psychometrically sound measure. Starting with item generation, we proceeded to establish the factor structure, ensure discriminant and convergent validity, and examine the nomological network. The final results demonstrated that the L5L scale possesses strong predictive power beyond that of a closely related construct—servant leadership—when explaining individual-level outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. This research introduces and validates a measure of Level 5 Leadership. Our study contributes to the existing literature by identifying measurable behaviors associated with the positive aspects of leadership, with theoretical and practical implications discussed at the end.</p>

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Level 5 leadership (L5L) scale development and validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • Adnan Riaz,
  • Waseem Khan Shinwari,
  • Naveed Ahmed Khan,
  • Syed Ahsan Jamil,
  • Asif Khurshid

摘要

Great companies follow unique sets of principles that enable them to transition from mediocrity to sustained excellence. Leadership plays a crucial role in facilitating this leap, and Collins (https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=7io-2eqxSS0C, 2011), in his famous study Good to Great, identified such leaders as Level 5 Leaders. Level 5 leadership is not only relevant in the current era but also essential for companies striving to transform into high-growth enterprises. Our research aimed to develop a validated scale for measuring Level 5 Leadership (L5L). Following the steps and procedures recommended by Hinkin (Manage. 21:967–988, 1995), we outlined a six-step process based on diverse independent samples to establish a psychometrically sound measure. Starting with item generation, we proceeded to establish the factor structure, ensure discriminant and convergent validity, and examine the nomological network. The final results demonstrated that the L5L scale possesses strong predictive power beyond that of a closely related construct—servant leadership—when explaining individual-level outcomes such as job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. This research introduces and validates a measure of Level 5 Leadership. Our study contributes to the existing literature by identifying measurable behaviors associated with the positive aspects of leadership, with theoretical and practical implications discussed at the end.