What does the word “science” evoke? Social representation of science, evaluative elements, and attitude

This article addresses the issue of science to contribute to the ongoing theoretical-methodological debate in the Social Representations Theory (SRT). It investigates the idea that attitudes are integral to social representations (SRs) and proposes solutions for empirically examining this nested relationship, expanding the technique of free associations in SRT. It examines the SR of science, considering diverse patterns of relationship with it based on literacy, interest, trust, and attitude. The study, utilising a purpose-built questionnaire with a sample of Italians, reveals a somewhat stereotypical SR of science rooted in a traditional view. While predominantly positive, distinct positions emerge in relation to the different patterns of relationship with science. Four patterns emerge, aligning along the dimensions of acceptance (affective-oriented) and commitment (cognitive/behavioural-oriented) and contributing to constructing a multifaceted and nuanced SR of science. The study corroborates the idea that attitude is part of SRs, and methodological developments, particularly assessing associations’ valence, prove effective. The comparison between freely evoked and ranked associations reveals reordering dynamics influenced by patterns of relationships with science. These methodological proposals offer a comprehensive understanding of SRs, allowing for longitudinal reflections on their trajectories and co-construction mechanisms.