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<p>This work focuses on enhancing the robustness of the BBM92 protocol in quantum key distribution (QKD) by introducing partial device independence through Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) value testing and Bell inequality violations. The proposed augmented BBM92 protocol extends the security framework of traditional entanglement-based schemes while maintaining implementation practicality. A comparative analysis of E91, traditional BBM92 and our proposed augmentation of BBM92 protocol is presented across four critical parameters: key generation efficiency (KGE), secure key rate (SKR), quantum bit error rate (QBER) violation, and degree of device independence (DI). Simulations demonstrate that the modified BBM92 protocol achieves superior performance under weak trust and semi-device-independent conditions. The results indicate that, for the augmented BBM92 protocol, the KGE is around 37.5%, while for the E91 protocol, it is about 22%. This work highlights the potential of incorporating partial device independence into existing QKD architectures as a viable pathway towards fully device-independent quantum communication.</p>

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A modified BBM92 protocol with Bell test-assisted parameter estimation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Anshul Rath,
  • Atharva Chaphekar,
  • Mandar Kirkire,
  • Vishwas Vedantham,
  • Ashutosh Bhatia,
  • G. Geethakumari

摘要

This work focuses on enhancing the robustness of the BBM92 protocol in quantum key distribution (QKD) by introducing partial device independence through Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt (CHSH) value testing and Bell inequality violations. The proposed augmented BBM92 protocol extends the security framework of traditional entanglement-based schemes while maintaining implementation practicality. A comparative analysis of E91, traditional BBM92 and our proposed augmentation of BBM92 protocol is presented across four critical parameters: key generation efficiency (KGE), secure key rate (SKR), quantum bit error rate (QBER) violation, and degree of device independence (DI). Simulations demonstrate that the modified BBM92 protocol achieves superior performance under weak trust and semi-device-independent conditions. The results indicate that, for the augmented BBM92 protocol, the KGE is around 37.5%, while for the E91 protocol, it is about 22%. This work highlights the potential of incorporating partial device independence into existing QKD architectures as a viable pathway towards fully device-independent quantum communication.