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<p>Quantum thermodynamics seeks to generalize classical thermodynamic principles to regimes where quantum coherence, entanglement, and information-processing constraints fundamentally shape energy flow. In nanoscale and biological systems, thermal fluctuations, environment-induced correlations, and quantum coherence can no longer be ignored, demanding a framework that unifies energy, entropy, and information. Advances in quantum information theory-particularly resource theories, single-shot entropy measures, fluctuation theorems, and coherence-based work extraction-have transformed our understanding of work, heat, and irreversibility at the quantum scale. This review synthesizes the conceptual foundations and recent progress in the field, with emphasis on the informational structure of thermodynamic processes and the role of coherence as a thermodynamic resource. We also discuss the implications for quantum technologies, molecular systems, and biological energy transport, bridging theoretical developments with emerging experimental realizations.</p>

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Quantum thermodynamics with information and coherence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月1日

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  • Ji-Yong Sung,
  • Jae-Ho Cheong

摘要

Quantum thermodynamics seeks to generalize classical thermodynamic principles to regimes where quantum coherence, entanglement, and information-processing constraints fundamentally shape energy flow. In nanoscale and biological systems, thermal fluctuations, environment-induced correlations, and quantum coherence can no longer be ignored, demanding a framework that unifies energy, entropy, and information. Advances in quantum information theory-particularly resource theories, single-shot entropy measures, fluctuation theorems, and coherence-based work extraction-have transformed our understanding of work, heat, and irreversibility at the quantum scale. This review synthesizes the conceptual foundations and recent progress in the field, with emphasis on the informational structure of thermodynamic processes and the role of coherence as a thermodynamic resource. We also discuss the implications for quantum technologies, molecular systems, and biological energy transport, bridging theoretical developments with emerging experimental realizations.