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<p>A hybrid quantum–classical resilient consensus framework has been proposed to achieve Byzantine fault tolerance over multiplex r-robust network topologies in the NISQ era. The protocol extends classical W-MSR algorithms by integrating an asymmetric trust-based filtering approach, where quantum link fidelity is combined with classical state consistency. Multiplex r-robustness for directed multilayer networks is formally defined, and sufficient conditions for convergence under bounded adversarial faults and quantum noise are derived. It is proved that consensus is reached by agents within the convex hull of the initial states of the honest nodes. A distributed update rule employing quantum-assisted trust filtering is developed, and its convergence is mathematically established. Simulations conducted on networks comprising up to 100 nodes indicate that HQCRC achieves more than 75% success under 40% Byzantine faults and maintains approximately 85% success under 30% depolarizing quantum noise. These outcomes demonstrate improved performance compared to purely classical or purely quantum approaches and support the protocol’s potential as a scalable and fault-tolerant solution for resilient coordination in emerging quantum internet infrastructures.</p>

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Resilient hybrid quantum–classical consensus protocol for Byzantine faults over r-robust multiplex networks in the NISQ era

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月31日

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  • Suresh Kumar Jha,
  • Aditya Narayan Hati

摘要

A hybrid quantum–classical resilient consensus framework has been proposed to achieve Byzantine fault tolerance over multiplex r-robust network topologies in the NISQ era. The protocol extends classical W-MSR algorithms by integrating an asymmetric trust-based filtering approach, where quantum link fidelity is combined with classical state consistency. Multiplex r-robustness for directed multilayer networks is formally defined, and sufficient conditions for convergence under bounded adversarial faults and quantum noise are derived. It is proved that consensus is reached by agents within the convex hull of the initial states of the honest nodes. A distributed update rule employing quantum-assisted trust filtering is developed, and its convergence is mathematically established. Simulations conducted on networks comprising up to 100 nodes indicate that HQCRC achieves more than 75% success under 40% Byzantine faults and maintains approximately 85% success under 30% depolarizing quantum noise. These outcomes demonstrate improved performance compared to purely classical or purely quantum approaches and support the protocol’s potential as a scalable and fault-tolerant solution for resilient coordination in emerging quantum internet infrastructures.