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<p>This paper proposes a dynamic multi-to-multi quantum secret sharing scheme that addresses the restrictions of current threshold-based approaches by integrating monotone span programs and generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Unlike traditional schemes constrained to fixed thresholds, our solution enables dynamic participant management through an access structure, allowing secure addition or removal of participants without reinitializing the protocol. The scheme leverages d-dimensional generalized GHZ states and generalized Pauli operators to achieve multidimensional quantum state sharing, enhancing universality and supporting complex multi-party collaboration. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for distributors to retain particles and introduces multi-secret sharing across distinct authorized sets. To ensure security, the scheme conducts a detailed analysis of several typical attacks and designs corresponding defense mechanisms.</p>

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Dynamic multi-party to multi-party quantum secret sharing based on Monotone Span program

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月6日

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  • Chao Qin,
  • Yuqi Wang,
  • Jiaji Wang,
  • Junda Zhuang,
  • Deng Zuo,
  • Weichao Chen

摘要

This paper proposes a dynamic multi-to-multi quantum secret sharing scheme that addresses the restrictions of current threshold-based approaches by integrating monotone span programs and generalized Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states. Unlike traditional schemes constrained to fixed thresholds, our solution enables dynamic participant management through an access structure, allowing secure addition or removal of participants without reinitializing the protocol. The scheme leverages d-dimensional generalized GHZ states and generalized Pauli operators to achieve multidimensional quantum state sharing, enhancing universality and supporting complex multi-party collaboration. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for distributors to retain particles and introduces multi-secret sharing across distinct authorized sets. To ensure security, the scheme conducts a detailed analysis of several typical attacks and designs corresponding defense mechanisms.