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<p>The mining process, which is to add new blocks to the Blockchain by solving complex mathematical problems, traditionally relies on significant computational power. This study introduces a hybrid quantum-classical proof-of-work (PoW) protocol for Blockchain mining, which leverages quantum computing alongside classical algorithms such as SHA-256, Blake2b, and Keccak-256. The protocol incorporates four quantum bits for SHA-256 and Blake2b, with a higher quantum bit count required for Keccak-256. The research evaluates the relationship between qubit count and mining efficiency for both Bitcoin and Ethereum, demonstrating that the proposed protocol achieves temporal performance improvements of 78.17% and 80.48% compared to traditional PoW methods. Despite these advancements, the hybrid protocol’s mining time of 15.47&#xa0;s is 19% slower than the existing proof-of-stake protocol. The study concludes that while the hybrid protocol enhances mining efficiency, it remains less competitive compared to proof of stake.</p>

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A novel hybrid quantum-classical proof-of-work protocol for Blockchain mining

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Najla Alharbi,
  • Tarek Moulahi

摘要

The mining process, which is to add new blocks to the Blockchain by solving complex mathematical problems, traditionally relies on significant computational power. This study introduces a hybrid quantum-classical proof-of-work (PoW) protocol for Blockchain mining, which leverages quantum computing alongside classical algorithms such as SHA-256, Blake2b, and Keccak-256. The protocol incorporates four quantum bits for SHA-256 and Blake2b, with a higher quantum bit count required for Keccak-256. The research evaluates the relationship between qubit count and mining efficiency for both Bitcoin and Ethereum, demonstrating that the proposed protocol achieves temporal performance improvements of 78.17% and 80.48% compared to traditional PoW methods. Despite these advancements, the hybrid protocol’s mining time of 15.47 s is 19% slower than the existing proof-of-stake protocol. The study concludes that while the hybrid protocol enhances mining efficiency, it remains less competitive compared to proof of stake.