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<p>Light source monitoring (LSM) module is crucial for keeping the source security of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In most related works, the active light source monitoring (ALSM) method is utilized by adjusting the attenuation rate of the reference light to obtain different recording events and to monitor the photon number distributions of QKD sources. However, imperfections in practical attenuation devices can introduce additional modulation errors, causing decreased performance of QKD. In this paper, we propose a passive light source monitoring (PLSM) scheme by using the BB84 protocol as an example, which can precisely determine the photon number distributions without causing any modulation errors. Furthermore, we carry out a proof-of-principle demonstration by deliberately setting two different source fluctuations in a QKD system with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(2.8\%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>2.8</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(5.7\%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>5.7</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, individually. Experimental results show that our present PLSM scheme is more tolerant to the light source fluctuations and shows much better performance than the standard BB84 protocol without using source monitoring. This work can provide a valuable reference for the practical implementation of QKD.</p>

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Experimental demonstration of decoy-state quantum key distribution with passive light source monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月16日

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  • Chun-Hui Zhang,
  • Rui-Xi Liu,
  • Yue-Ying Wang,
  • Jing-Yang Liu,
  • Xing-Yu Zhou,
  • Jian Li,
  • Qin Wang

摘要

Light source monitoring (LSM) module is crucial for keeping the source security of quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. In most related works, the active light source monitoring (ALSM) method is utilized by adjusting the attenuation rate of the reference light to obtain different recording events and to monitor the photon number distributions of QKD sources. However, imperfections in practical attenuation devices can introduce additional modulation errors, causing decreased performance of QKD. In this paper, we propose a passive light source monitoring (PLSM) scheme by using the BB84 protocol as an example, which can precisely determine the photon number distributions without causing any modulation errors. Furthermore, we carry out a proof-of-principle demonstration by deliberately setting two different source fluctuations in a QKD system with \(2.8\%\) 2.8 % and \(5.7\%\) 5.7 % , individually. Experimental results show that our present PLSM scheme is more tolerant to the light source fluctuations and shows much better performance than the standard BB84 protocol without using source monitoring. This work can provide a valuable reference for the practical implementation of QKD.