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<p>With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, the security of classical blockchain systems is facing severe challenges. The emergence of quantum blockchain offers a promising solution to fundamentally address these issues. Consortium blockchains, due to their inherent characteristics, are particularly well-suited for the deployment and implementation of quantum blockchains at the current stage. This paper proposes a novel quantum consensus mechanism named Q-PnV (Quantum Proof and Voting), tailored for consortium blockchains. The consensus extends the classical Proof of Vote (PoV) consensus mechanism into the quantum domain and innovatively integrates quantum voting, quantum identity authentication, and quantum random number generation technologies. By combining Q-PnV with a quantum blockchain architecture based on weighted hypergraph states, this work presents a comprehensive quantum blockchain solution for consortium scenarios. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that, compared to classical approaches, a quantum blockchain based on Q-PnV not only effectively resists quantum attacks, but also significantly enhances the security and fairness of the consensus process, thereby providing a reliable foundation for consortium blockchain applications in a future quantum computing environment.</p>

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Q-PnV: a quantum consensus mechanism for security consortium blockchains

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Jianming Lin,
  • Hui Li,
  • Hongjian Xing,
  • Runhuai Huang,
  • Wenhui Hu,
  • Shaowen Deng,
  • Zhiqiang Hu,
  • Bing Lin,
  • Ping Lu,
  • Xiyu Wang,
  • Xiongyan Tang

摘要

With the rapid advancement of quantum computing, the security of classical blockchain systems is facing severe challenges. The emergence of quantum blockchain offers a promising solution to fundamentally address these issues. Consortium blockchains, due to their inherent characteristics, are particularly well-suited for the deployment and implementation of quantum blockchains at the current stage. This paper proposes a novel quantum consensus mechanism named Q-PnV (Quantum Proof and Voting), tailored for consortium blockchains. The consensus extends the classical Proof of Vote (PoV) consensus mechanism into the quantum domain and innovatively integrates quantum voting, quantum identity authentication, and quantum random number generation technologies. By combining Q-PnV with a quantum blockchain architecture based on weighted hypergraph states, this work presents a comprehensive quantum blockchain solution for consortium scenarios. Theoretical analysis demonstrates that, compared to classical approaches, a quantum blockchain based on Q-PnV not only effectively resists quantum attacks, but also significantly enhances the security and fairness of the consensus process, thereby providing a reliable foundation for consortium blockchain applications in a future quantum computing environment.