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<p>Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is essential for secure multi-party information distribution. However, existing multi-party quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocols suffer from several limitations, such as requiring the distributor to know each participant’s secret in advance, low efficiency, challenging quantum resource preparation, and complex operations. This paper proposes an efficient MQSS protocol based on single photons. The protocol utilizes single photons and simple local unitary operations for secret distribution. Participants are not required to perform measurements, which reduces the difficulty of resource preparation and improves operability. By incorporating decoy particles, the protocol can ideally achieve 100% efficiency. Security analysis demonstrates its robustness against common attacks. Compared with existing protocols, the proposed scheme excels in terms of quantum resource requirements, the distributor’s prior knowledge of secrets, and qubit efficiency. Simulations on the IBM quantum platform confirm its feasibility.</p>

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A multi-party quantum secret sharing protocol based on single photons

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月16日

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  • Yuan Tian,
  • Jialong Wang,
  • Ying Tang,
  • Jian Li

摘要

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) is essential for secure multi-party information distribution. However, existing multi-party quantum secret sharing (MQSS) protocols suffer from several limitations, such as requiring the distributor to know each participant’s secret in advance, low efficiency, challenging quantum resource preparation, and complex operations. This paper proposes an efficient MQSS protocol based on single photons. The protocol utilizes single photons and simple local unitary operations for secret distribution. Participants are not required to perform measurements, which reduces the difficulty of resource preparation and improves operability. By incorporating decoy particles, the protocol can ideally achieve 100% efficiency. Security analysis demonstrates its robustness against common attacks. Compared with existing protocols, the proposed scheme excels in terms of quantum resource requirements, the distributor’s prior knowledge of secrets, and qubit efficiency. Simulations on the IBM quantum platform confirm its feasibility.