<p>In this paper, we firstly investigate asymptotic spectral distribution of the combinatorial Laplacian (adjacency matrix) for the regular tree <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11128_2025_4792_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of degree <i>d</i> with <i>b</i>-generation <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11128_2025_4792_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\((b\ge 3)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>b</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the vacuum and deformed vacuum states, we show that the vacuum spectral distributions, i.e., normalized Wigner semicircle laws, are the same as probability measures of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11128_2025_4792_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in the weak case. We secondly get some expressions of quantum central limit theorems derived from quantum probability approaches for regular tree <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11128_2025_4792_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. As an application, we finally calculate the probability amplitudes of continuous-time quantum random walks (CTQRWs, for short) on <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11128_2025_4792_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="25" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msubsup> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> by using Lanczos-based algorithm and spectral techniques for evaluation of this walk.</p>

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Quantum probability approaches for regular tree

  • Yuan Bao Kang

摘要

In this paper, we firstly investigate asymptotic spectral distribution of the combinatorial Laplacian (adjacency matrix) for the regular tree \({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\) T b ( d ) of degree d with b-generation \((b\ge 3)\) ( b 3 ) in the vacuum and deformed vacuum states, we show that the vacuum spectral distributions, i.e., normalized Wigner semicircle laws, are the same as probability measures of the \({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\) T b ( d ) in the weak case. We secondly get some expressions of quantum central limit theorems derived from quantum probability approaches for regular tree \({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\) T b ( d ) . As an application, we finally calculate the probability amplitudes of continuous-time quantum random walks (CTQRWs, for short) on \({\mathcal {T}}_{b}^{(d)}\) T b ( d ) by using Lanczos-based algorithm and spectral techniques for evaluation of this walk.