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<p>We propose a novel quantum voting protocol that utilizes superdense coding of four-particle entangled states. The protocol is simultaneously legitimate, anonymous, blind, verifiable and irreducible. In order to prevent malicious tampering of the public content, we introduce the distributed proof of work (PoW) consensus algorithm in blockchain as a database mechanism for voting participants. The voting protocol utilizes four-particle entangled states as a quantum resource to perform only single-particle operations, as well as GHZ basis measurements and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="11128_2025_4663_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="69" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left\{ | 0 \rangle ,| 1\rangle \right\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close="}" open="{"> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> <mo>,</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">⟩</mo> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-basis measurements. This means that our protocol can be successfully implemented using existing quantum information processing techniques. We conduct simulation experiments on the proposed voting protocol on the IBM Qiskit platform, and the results show that it is correct and feasible.</p>

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Novel quantum voting protocol for four-particle entangled states based on superdense coding

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月29日

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  • Hao-Wen Zhang,
  • Guang-Bao Xu,
  • Dong-Huan Jiang

摘要

We propose a novel quantum voting protocol that utilizes superdense coding of four-particle entangled states. The protocol is simultaneously legitimate, anonymous, blind, verifiable and irreducible. In order to prevent malicious tampering of the public content, we introduce the distributed proof of work (PoW) consensus algorithm in blockchain as a database mechanism for voting participants. The voting protocol utilizes four-particle entangled states as a quantum resource to perform only single-particle operations, as well as GHZ basis measurements and \(\left\{ | 0 \rangle ,| 1\rangle \right\} \) | 0 ⟩ , | 1 ⟩ -basis measurements. This means that our protocol can be successfully implemented using existing quantum information processing techniques. We conduct simulation experiments on the proposed voting protocol on the IBM Qiskit platform, and the results show that it is correct and feasible.