Quantum private comparison protocol via 4D layered states and DQC model

Based on the four-dimensional layered quantum states and the delegating quantum computation (DQC) model, a new quantum private comparison (QPC) protocol is designed to compare private information between two participants with the help of a semi-honest third party (TP). The TP may misbehave on his own, though he enables to perform the protocol loyally. Benefiting from the properties of 4D layered quantum states in quantum secure communication, the QPC protocol performs the comparison of secrets better. The proposed QPC protocol based on a DQC scheme can be realized by the participants with insufficient capacity. The security of the proposed protocol is ensured by the usage of decoy photons and location obfuscation technique of sequences. The correctness of the proposed protocol is validated by simulations on the IBM’s qiskit. The performance of the protocol against the external and internal attacks is also analyzed.