Deterministic hierarchical joint remote state preparation via a non-maximally entangled state

The study of hierarchical quantum communication is of great importance in resolving practical scenarios involving multiple agents with varying permissions to access information. Inspired by the work (Shukla et al. Quantum Inf Process 16(8):1–32, 2017), we reinvestigated probabilistic hierarchical protocols and presented an alternative deterministic hierarchical joint remote state preparation scheme via a non-maximally entangled channel, in which the successful probability of remote state preparation reaches 1 with appropriate operations or measurements. And this scheme is also applicable to many different quantum communication scenarios. For example, we described a scenario where senders are unknown to information. In this scenario, the information can also be deterministically transferred to recipients by our program. This protocol solves the problem of inefficient communication due to entanglement degradation and contributes to realizing practical quantum communication.