Advancing quantum broadcast performance in noisy environments: a generalized approach with 4n-qubit cluster states

This study presents two quantum broadcast protocols for the transmission of two qubits utilizing cluster states as the quantum channel to two receivers. In the first simplified case of the protocol, two-qubit cluster states are transmitted using an eight-qubit quantum channel. In the generalized scheme, users receive 2n-qubit cluster states via 8n-qubits quantum channel. The mathematical description of both protocols are described in details. Furthermore, we investigate and analyze the effect of amplitude-damping, phase-damping and bit-flip noisy channels on the proposed protocol.