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<p>An existential vacuum is a pervasive sense of emptiness and meaninglessness that highlights an individual's struggle to find purpose and fulfillment. This article&#xa0;aims to create a valid and reliable Existential Vacuum Scale for adults and test it in a hypothetical model. Accordingly, this research, carried out in three studies, collected data from 28 different countries. In Study 1 (N = 547), confirmatory factor analysis validated the 15-item Existential Vacuum Scale. Item Response Analysis showed satisfactory scale item discrimination. The scale's reliability was confirmed by reliability analyses. In Study 2 (N = 368), correlations&#xa0;was analyzed. Existential vacuum, depression, anxiety, stress, mental well-being, and Big Five personality traits were strongly correlated. In Study 3 (N = 401), structural equation modelling revealed that intolerance of uncertainty partially mediated the relationship between existential vacuum and loneliness. People who feel life lacks meaning may have a lower tolerance to uncertainty and be more lonely. In other words, individuals with high existential vacuum may show lower tolerance for uncertainty, which may contribute to increased levels of loneliness. The presence of partial mediation suggests that intolerance of uncertainty is an important mechanism, but that the relationship between existential vacuum and loneliness can also be explained by other factors. In broadening the literature on existential vacuum, this research pioneers.</p>

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Exploring the Vacuum: Development of Existential Vacuum Scale and its Relationship with Personality, Psychological Distress, Well-being, Loneliness and Intolerance of Uncertainty

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Özkan Kenarlı,
  • Yusuf Akyıl,
  • Beste Erdinç,
  • Can Sabaner,
  • Batya Yaniger

摘要

An existential vacuum is a pervasive sense of emptiness and meaninglessness that highlights an individual's struggle to find purpose and fulfillment. This article aims to create a valid and reliable Existential Vacuum Scale for adults and test it in a hypothetical model. Accordingly, this research, carried out in three studies, collected data from 28 different countries. In Study 1 (N = 547), confirmatory factor analysis validated the 15-item Existential Vacuum Scale. Item Response Analysis showed satisfactory scale item discrimination. The scale's reliability was confirmed by reliability analyses. In Study 2 (N = 368), correlations was analyzed. Existential vacuum, depression, anxiety, stress, mental well-being, and Big Five personality traits were strongly correlated. In Study 3 (N = 401), structural equation modelling revealed that intolerance of uncertainty partially mediated the relationship between existential vacuum and loneliness. People who feel life lacks meaning may have a lower tolerance to uncertainty and be more lonely. In other words, individuals with high existential vacuum may show lower tolerance for uncertainty, which may contribute to increased levels of loneliness. The presence of partial mediation suggests that intolerance of uncertainty is an important mechanism, but that the relationship between existential vacuum and loneliness can also be explained by other factors. In broadening the literature on existential vacuum, this research pioneers.