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<p>Previous studies have examined the impact of planter downforce and speed on corn seed placement; however, questions remain regarding the influence of row-unit position on the toolbar and optimal downforce-speed combinations for uniform crop establishment. This study investigated the effects of downforce (445, 778, 1112, and 1446 N), planting speed (8, 12, and 16&#xa0;km&#xa0;h⁻<sup>1</sup>), and toolbar section (wing, no-track, and track) on corn seed placement using a John Deere 1775 NT planter with ExactEmerge row units and individual row hydraulic downforce control. A split-split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Seedling emergence, seed depth, and plant spacing were assessed on 2,825 plants. Results showed that 1446 N downforce resulted in achieving the target seed depth (50.8 mm) at 8 and 12&#xa0;km&#xa0;h⁻<sup>1</sup>, but this effect was not significant at 16&#xa0;km&#xa0;h⁻<sup>1</sup>, likely due to increased row-unit vibration exceeding hydraulic system response capability. Treatments with 445–1112 N downforce achieved the highest percentage of early seedling emergence (within 48&#xa0;h), reflecting their shallower seed placement. The three-way interaction of downforce × speed × planter section was the predominant source of variation in the quality of feed index, which served as the primary metric of seeding performance and ranged from 90.3% to 95.9% across treatments. Stand establishment was consistent across treatments (overall emergence rate 94.7% ± 5.5%, p &gt; 0.08 for all main effects), confirming that treatment comparisons were not biased by differential plant survival. Planter sections showed significant differences in row-unit acceleration, opening disc load, and gauge wheel load, indicating the need for section-specific or row-unit-specific downforce management to ensure uniform seed depth across the full planter width.</p>

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Combined effects of planter speed, downforce setting, and row unit location over corn seed placement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • José Peiretti,
  • Sylvester Badua,
  • John Eric Abon,
  • Bautista Gigena Berretta,
  • Edwin Brokesh,
  • Ignacio Ciampitti,
  • Ajay Sharda

摘要

Previous studies have examined the impact of planter downforce and speed on corn seed placement; however, questions remain regarding the influence of row-unit position on the toolbar and optimal downforce-speed combinations for uniform crop establishment. This study investigated the effects of downforce (445, 778, 1112, and 1446 N), planting speed (8, 12, and 16 km h⁻1), and toolbar section (wing, no-track, and track) on corn seed placement using a John Deere 1775 NT planter with ExactEmerge row units and individual row hydraulic downforce control. A split-split-plot randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Seedling emergence, seed depth, and plant spacing were assessed on 2,825 plants. Results showed that 1446 N downforce resulted in achieving the target seed depth (50.8 mm) at 8 and 12 km h⁻1, but this effect was not significant at 16 km h⁻1, likely due to increased row-unit vibration exceeding hydraulic system response capability. Treatments with 445–1112 N downforce achieved the highest percentage of early seedling emergence (within 48 h), reflecting their shallower seed placement. The three-way interaction of downforce × speed × planter section was the predominant source of variation in the quality of feed index, which served as the primary metric of seeding performance and ranged from 90.3% to 95.9% across treatments. Stand establishment was consistent across treatments (overall emergence rate 94.7% ± 5.5%, p > 0.08 for all main effects), confirming that treatment comparisons were not biased by differential plant survival. Planter sections showed significant differences in row-unit acceleration, opening disc load, and gauge wheel load, indicating the need for section-specific or row-unit-specific downforce management to ensure uniform seed depth across the full planter width.