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Purpose <p>Leaf chlorophyll content is a critical indicator of plant health. On-farm monitoring is limited by the high cost and accessibility of specialised meters and laboratory assays. This study evaluates a smartphone-based imaging method (PhotoFolia) as a practical, low-cost alternative for accurately estimating leaf SPAD (Soil and Plant Analysis Development) values and chlorophyll content.</p> Methods <p>Image-based estimates from the PhotoFolia mobile application were validated against standard laboratory assays and SPAD-502+ meter readings. The validation was conducted across four commercial rice varieties cultivated in Thailand.</p> Results <p>The smartphone imaging method predicted SPAD values with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.2 units and chlorophyll concentrations with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.2% relative to laboratory benchmarks.</p> Conclusion <p>With SPAD error approaching the industry ±1 unit standard and chlorophyll estimation remaining below a 10% relative error threshold, this approach demonstrates that ordinary mobile phones can serve as highly accessible, cost-effective tools for routine on-farm crop monitoring, eliminating the need for dedicated hardware.</p> Highlights <p>Novel low-cost approach for chlorophyll assay and SPAD-value measurement using standard mobile phone. Achieves accuracy comparable to commercial tools. Eliminates need for specialised sensors or laboratory equipment.</p> Impact <p>This study demonstrates that mobile phone-based image analysis can accurately estimate leaf SPAD and chlorophyll levels in rice under ambient lighting conditions, offering a low-cost, accessible tool for monitoring plant health.</p>

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Image-based leaf SPAD value and chlorophyll measurement using a mobile phone: enabling accessible and sustainable crop management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • John Anderson,
  • Kulaporn Boonyaves,
  • Haruko Okamoto,
  • Netiya Karaket,
  • Wannisa Chuekong,
  • Miguel Garvie,
  • Napason Chabang,
  • Daniel Osorio,
  • Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana

摘要

Purpose

Leaf chlorophyll content is a critical indicator of plant health. On-farm monitoring is limited by the high cost and accessibility of specialised meters and laboratory assays. This study evaluates a smartphone-based imaging method (PhotoFolia) as a practical, low-cost alternative for accurately estimating leaf SPAD (Soil and Plant Analysis Development) values and chlorophyll content.

Methods

Image-based estimates from the PhotoFolia mobile application were validated against standard laboratory assays and SPAD-502+ meter readings. The validation was conducted across four commercial rice varieties cultivated in Thailand.

Results

The smartphone imaging method predicted SPAD values with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.2 units and chlorophyll concentrations with a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 7.2% relative to laboratory benchmarks.

Conclusion

With SPAD error approaching the industry ±1 unit standard and chlorophyll estimation remaining below a 10% relative error threshold, this approach demonstrates that ordinary mobile phones can serve as highly accessible, cost-effective tools for routine on-farm crop monitoring, eliminating the need for dedicated hardware.

Highlights

Novel low-cost approach for chlorophyll assay and SPAD-value measurement using standard mobile phone. Achieves accuracy comparable to commercial tools. Eliminates need for specialised sensors or laboratory equipment.

Impact

This study demonstrates that mobile phone-based image analysis can accurately estimate leaf SPAD and chlorophyll levels in rice under ambient lighting conditions, offering a low-cost, accessible tool for monitoring plant health.