<p>We develop a matrix-test framework for <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-convex families of completely positive maps <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\textrm{CP}(\mathscr {S},\mathscr {T})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mtext>CP</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, where <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathscr {S}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an operator system and <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathscr {T}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a unital <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra. Matrix tests (<i>k</i>,&#xa0;<i>f</i>,&#xa0;<i>s</i>) induce evaluation functionals <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Phi \mapsto f(\Phi _k(s))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mo>↦</mo> <mi>f</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi> <mi>k</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>s</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and generate a natural weak topology <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> on <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {E}=\operatorname {span}_{\mathbb {C}}(\textrm{CP}(\mathscr {S},\mathscr {T}))\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mo>span</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mtext>CP</mtext> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Our main result provides a support-function/separation characterization of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-closure <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\overline{\textrm{cconv}(\mathcal {K})}^{\tau }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mover> <mrow> <mtext>cconv</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>τ</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(C^*\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>C</mi> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-convex hull of a family <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {K}\subseteq \textrm{CP}(\mathscr {S},\mathscr {T})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">K</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <mtext>CP</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">S</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">T</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> in terms of matrix-test inequalities. A key technical tool is a folding lemma that represents every nonzero finite complex linear combination of test functionals, up to a positive scalar factor, by a single matrix test at a suitable block level. As consequences, we obtain a single-test witness for non-membership, support-function criteria for inclusion and equality of the corresponding <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-closed hulls, and, under <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0\in \overline{\textrm{cconv}(\mathcal {K})}^{\tau }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mover> <mrow> <mtext>cconv</mtext> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">K</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>τ</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, an exact normalized bipolar-type reconstruction formula. We also show that <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\tau \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>τ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is already generated by level-1 tests.</p>

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Matrix-Test Duality: A Support-Function Characterization for \(C^*\)-Convex Families of CP Maps

  • Mohsen Kian,
  • Mario Krnić

摘要

We develop a matrix-test framework for \(C^*\) C -convex families of completely positive maps \(\textrm{CP}(\mathscr {S},\mathscr {T})\) CP ( S , T ) , where \(\mathscr {S}\) S is an operator system and \(\mathscr {T}\) T is a unital \(C^*\) C -algebra. Matrix tests (kfs) induce evaluation functionals \(\Phi \mapsto f(\Phi _k(s))\) Φ f ( Φ k ( s ) ) and generate a natural weak topology \(\tau \) τ on \(\mathcal {E}=\operatorname {span}_{\mathbb {C}}(\textrm{CP}(\mathscr {S},\mathscr {T}))\) E = span C ( CP ( S , T ) ) . Our main result provides a support-function/separation characterization of the \(\tau \) τ -closure \(\overline{\textrm{cconv}(\mathcal {K})}^{\tau }\) cconv ( K ) ¯ τ of the \(C^*\) C -convex hull of a family \(\mathcal {K}\subseteq \textrm{CP}(\mathscr {S},\mathscr {T})\) K CP ( S , T ) in terms of matrix-test inequalities. A key technical tool is a folding lemma that represents every nonzero finite complex linear combination of test functionals, up to a positive scalar factor, by a single matrix test at a suitable block level. As consequences, we obtain a single-test witness for non-membership, support-function criteria for inclusion and equality of the corresponding \(\tau \) τ -closed hulls, and, under \(0\in \overline{\textrm{cconv}(\mathcal {K})}^{\tau }\) 0 cconv ( K ) ¯ τ , an exact normalized bipolar-type reconstruction formula. We also show that \(\tau \) τ is already generated by level-1 tests.