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<p>Long-duration commuting has become a widespread phenomenon in large cities worldwide, yet the experiences of long-duration commuters remain relatively underexplored. This study focuses on commuting satisfaction within this group, investigating the factors that contribute to variations in their satisfaction levels. Using survey data from 1170 long-duration commuters (one-way trip time &gt; 45&#xa0;min) in Beijing, we employ multiple linear regression analysis to examine key determinants. Extending previous research, we incorporate two less-studied dimensions: time use during the commute and characteristics of en-route landscapes. The findings reveal that productive use of commuting time for work significantly enhances satisfaction, whereas time spent on other activities does not exert a statistically significant effect. Furthermore, exposure to diverse cultural landscapes and commercial establishments along the route improves commuting satisfaction, while natural landscapes show no meaningful association. In doing so, this study advances the Positive Utility of Travel (PUT) framework beyond the general claim that “travel has positive utility” by specifying when and how such utility emerges under prolonged commuting conditions. These insights also inform policies aimed at improving the well-being of long-duration commuters.</p>

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Beyond travel time: activities, landscapes, and the satisfaction of long-duration commuters

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月11日

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  • Mengmeng Zhang,
  • Qianliang Jiang,
  • Liang Ma

摘要

Long-duration commuting has become a widespread phenomenon in large cities worldwide, yet the experiences of long-duration commuters remain relatively underexplored. This study focuses on commuting satisfaction within this group, investigating the factors that contribute to variations in their satisfaction levels. Using survey data from 1170 long-duration commuters (one-way trip time > 45 min) in Beijing, we employ multiple linear regression analysis to examine key determinants. Extending previous research, we incorporate two less-studied dimensions: time use during the commute and characteristics of en-route landscapes. The findings reveal that productive use of commuting time for work significantly enhances satisfaction, whereas time spent on other activities does not exert a statistically significant effect. Furthermore, exposure to diverse cultural landscapes and commercial establishments along the route improves commuting satisfaction, while natural landscapes show no meaningful association. In doing so, this study advances the Positive Utility of Travel (PUT) framework beyond the general claim that “travel has positive utility” by specifying when and how such utility emerges under prolonged commuting conditions. These insights also inform policies aimed at improving the well-being of long-duration commuters.