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<p>Extreme commuting is becoming more widespread in large cities and is seriously undermining commuting efficiency. However, research on extreme commuting has been limited to exploring individual socio-economic attributes and has overlooked the effects of the built environment and geospatial relationships. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate the impacts of the urban built environment on extreme commuting through spatial modelling. Our findings show that, first, spatial heterogeneity is a feature of extreme commuting: extreme commuters in the city centre care more about their living environment; while extreme commuters located near suburban subway stations tend to prioritise cost and family factors. In addition, we find that, in relation to entertainment facilities, nearly all extreme commuters have no preference, which undermines policies aimed at improving urban sustainability. In terms of policy implications, we suggest that geographically-differentiated policy guidance should be used to balance differences between extreme commuters, and that multiple-data sources should be used to evaluate the impact of various types of built environments on extreme commuting.</p>

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Examining the relationship between the built environment and extreme commuting around subway stations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Ming Li,
  • Zijia Wang,
  • Mengqiu Cao

摘要

Extreme commuting is becoming more widespread in large cities and is seriously undermining commuting efficiency. However, research on extreme commuting has been limited to exploring individual socio-economic attributes and has overlooked the effects of the built environment and geospatial relationships. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate the impacts of the urban built environment on extreme commuting through spatial modelling. Our findings show that, first, spatial heterogeneity is a feature of extreme commuting: extreme commuters in the city centre care more about their living environment; while extreme commuters located near suburban subway stations tend to prioritise cost and family factors. In addition, we find that, in relation to entertainment facilities, nearly all extreme commuters have no preference, which undermines policies aimed at improving urban sustainability. In terms of policy implications, we suggest that geographically-differentiated policy guidance should be used to balance differences between extreme commuters, and that multiple-data sources should be used to evaluate the impact of various types of built environments on extreme commuting.