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<p>This article examines the problems teams and task forces face working independently and operating in silos during disaster response, which ultimately limits their efficiency and performance. It asserts that collective action can be achieved with a complex adaptive system that aligns with inter-team efforts and enhances the exchange of resources across organizations during disaster response. Furthermore, the 4Cs framework— communication, cooperation, coordination, and collaboration—enhances inter-team interaction and shared governance. Using the COVID-19 as a case, the study demonstrates that a complex adaptive system that uses the 4Cs framework can improve collective action among agencies.</p>

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4Cs Approach to Interorganizational Disaster Teams and Task Forces

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月18日

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  • Ismail Soujaa,
  • Julius A. Nukpezah

摘要

This article examines the problems teams and task forces face working independently and operating in silos during disaster response, which ultimately limits their efficiency and performance. It asserts that collective action can be achieved with a complex adaptive system that aligns with inter-team efforts and enhances the exchange of resources across organizations during disaster response. Furthermore, the 4Cs framework— communication, cooperation, coordination, and collaboration—enhances inter-team interaction and shared governance. Using the COVID-19 as a case, the study demonstrates that a complex adaptive system that uses the 4Cs framework can improve collective action among agencies.