An Investigation of Corruption in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects from Project Life Cycle Perspective
摘要
The study aims to investigate the life cycle stages of public private partnership (PPP) projects in which corruption exists and whether one may be able to mitigate corruption. Four hypotheses were developed and tested. Firstly, the study finds that corruption happens in PPP projects in India both at project identification-preparation-procurement stage as well as at implementation-transfer-post-transfer stage. Secondly, corruption contains a ripple effect from identification-preparation-procurement stage to implementation-transfer-post-transfer stage. Additionally, efforts to mitigate corruption through audit do not seem to have the desired effect. Hence, regulators need to consider alternative delivery models to contain the ripple effects of corruption.