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<p>Racial and ethnic residential segregation and mortgage discrimination have disproportionately shaped environmental exposures associated with the built environment, such as industrial, rail, and roadway pollution. Yet patterns of contemporary mortgage lending and environmental disparities in Latino populations are understudied. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) and their relationship to Latino disparities in mortgage lending in the Combined Statistical Area (CSA) of Sacramento, California. We expect these disparities to reflect the effects of institutional racism through potential reductions in neighborhood investments and wealth accumulation at a census tract level. Using the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, we derived disparity in mortgage lending between Latino and non-Latino White loans applicants. Annual census tract level estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5</sub>), and carbon monoxide (CO) represented TRAP exposures. We assessed spatial autocorrelation and clustering of Latino disparity in mortgage lending and TRAPs through Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation. Latino disparity in mortgage lending and TRAPs were significantly spatially clustered in the CSA when examined individually (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), and NO<sub>2</sub> and CO were spatially autocorrelated with Latino disparity in mortgage lending (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Spearman correlations indicated mortgage lending disparities and TRAPs were moderately correlated with census tract level neighborhood characteristics such as Latino population, Latino homeownership, housing cost burden (mortgage lending: ρ = 0.375–0.430; TRAPS: ρ = 0.421–0.684) as well as median family income (mortgage lending: ρ= -0.659; TRAPs: ρ= -0.388 to -0.458). These findings indicate that the patterns of mortgage lending and traffic-related exposures are intricately connected, potentially sharing common underlying built environment determinants shaped by structural and historical practices.</p>

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Latino disparities in mortgage lending and traffic-related air pollutants in Sacramento, California

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月17日

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  • Anjali Dakshina Kumar,
  • Thomas J. Luben,
  • Arrianna Marie Planey,
  • Jessie P. Buckley,
  • Chantel L. Martin

摘要

Racial and ethnic residential segregation and mortgage discrimination have disproportionately shaped environmental exposures associated with the built environment, such as industrial, rail, and roadway pollution. Yet patterns of contemporary mortgage lending and environmental disparities in Latino populations are understudied. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of traffic-related air pollutants (TRAPs) and their relationship to Latino disparities in mortgage lending in the Combined Statistical Area (CSA) of Sacramento, California. We expect these disparities to reflect the effects of institutional racism through potential reductions in neighborhood investments and wealth accumulation at a census tract level. Using the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, we derived disparity in mortgage lending between Latino and non-Latino White loans applicants. Annual census tract level estimates of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), fine particulate matter (PM2.5), and carbon monoxide (CO) represented TRAP exposures. We assessed spatial autocorrelation and clustering of Latino disparity in mortgage lending and TRAPs through Global Moran’s I and Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation. Latino disparity in mortgage lending and TRAPs were significantly spatially clustered in the CSA when examined individually (p < 0.05), and NO2 and CO were spatially autocorrelated with Latino disparity in mortgage lending (p < 0.05). Spearman correlations indicated mortgage lending disparities and TRAPs were moderately correlated with census tract level neighborhood characteristics such as Latino population, Latino homeownership, housing cost burden (mortgage lending: ρ = 0.375–0.430; TRAPS: ρ = 0.421–0.684) as well as median family income (mortgage lending: ρ= -0.659; TRAPs: ρ= -0.388 to -0.458). These findings indicate that the patterns of mortgage lending and traffic-related exposures are intricately connected, potentially sharing common underlying built environment determinants shaped by structural and historical practices.