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<p>Households without complete plumbing lack access to a running toilet, shower, or hot and cold water, putting them at risk of myriad negative physical and mental health impacts. Lacking complete plumbing reflects one dimension of water insecurity and constitutes a form of environmental injustice. We applied an intersectionality approach to quantify this injustice along the United States (US) side of the US–Mexico border. Intersectional approaches recognize that people’s multiple identities co-exist and interactively shape their experiences of environmental health privilege and oppression. Specifically, we assess differential risks of incomplete plumbing by cross-classifying householders’ Latinx status (i.e., Latinx or non-Latinx) with race, disability, citizenship and nativity, English proficiency, and poverty. We utilized restricted microdata from the 2015–2019 American Community Survey (<i>n</i> = 145,000) and employed multilevel mixed effects logistic regression modeling techniques. Results indicate that Latinx Native American or Latinx Asian/Pacific Islander householders had disproportionately high rates of plumbing incompleteness, as did those who were disabled Latinx, Latinx foreign-born noncitizen, non-English proficient Latinx, impoverished non-Latinx White, and impoverished Latinx. Findings suggest that water insecurity in the border region is structured by an interacting set of social inequalities. Water access providers and policy makers must understand the unique risks that exist among intersectional subpopulations to effectively work toward environmental health justice.</p>

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Intersectionality of water insecurity on the US-Mexico border: A novel micro-level analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月3日

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  • Ricardo Rubio,
  • Sara Grineski,
  • Tim Collins

摘要

Households without complete plumbing lack access to a running toilet, shower, or hot and cold water, putting them at risk of myriad negative physical and mental health impacts. Lacking complete plumbing reflects one dimension of water insecurity and constitutes a form of environmental injustice. We applied an intersectionality approach to quantify this injustice along the United States (US) side of the US–Mexico border. Intersectional approaches recognize that people’s multiple identities co-exist and interactively shape their experiences of environmental health privilege and oppression. Specifically, we assess differential risks of incomplete plumbing by cross-classifying householders’ Latinx status (i.e., Latinx or non-Latinx) with race, disability, citizenship and nativity, English proficiency, and poverty. We utilized restricted microdata from the 2015–2019 American Community Survey (n = 145,000) and employed multilevel mixed effects logistic regression modeling techniques. Results indicate that Latinx Native American or Latinx Asian/Pacific Islander householders had disproportionately high rates of plumbing incompleteness, as did those who were disabled Latinx, Latinx foreign-born noncitizen, non-English proficient Latinx, impoverished non-Latinx White, and impoverished Latinx. Findings suggest that water insecurity in the border region is structured by an interacting set of social inequalities. Water access providers and policy makers must understand the unique risks that exist among intersectional subpopulations to effectively work toward environmental health justice.