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<p>Most work on racial attitudes considers explicitly hostile outgroup evaluations. What about racial attitudes that appear subjectively positive but reinforce racial inequality more broadly? Research in social psychology shows that sexist attitudes are ambivalent; sexism can be hostile or benevolent. Building on the nascent idea that racial prejudice also ranges from hostile to benevolent, we theorize the concept of “racial benevolence” and develop comparable measures of White voters’ benevolent attitudes toward Indigenous peoples in Canada and Black Americans. Unlike hostile prejudicial attitudes, benevolent racial attitudes are motivated by an egalitarian impetus to help. However, benevolent racial attitudes still motivate political behavior that threatens to undermine racial equality more generally by reinforcing target group members’ subordination through assimilation and surveillance. We discuss how hostile and benevolent racial attitudes work in tandem to reinforce racial inequalities.</p>

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Toward a Theory and Measure of Racial Benevolence

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月22日

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  • Edana Beauvais,
  • Adam M. Enders

摘要

Most work on racial attitudes considers explicitly hostile outgroup evaluations. What about racial attitudes that appear subjectively positive but reinforce racial inequality more broadly? Research in social psychology shows that sexist attitudes are ambivalent; sexism can be hostile or benevolent. Building on the nascent idea that racial prejudice also ranges from hostile to benevolent, we theorize the concept of “racial benevolence” and develop comparable measures of White voters’ benevolent attitudes toward Indigenous peoples in Canada and Black Americans. Unlike hostile prejudicial attitudes, benevolent racial attitudes are motivated by an egalitarian impetus to help. However, benevolent racial attitudes still motivate political behavior that threatens to undermine racial equality more generally by reinforcing target group members’ subordination through assimilation and surveillance. We discuss how hostile and benevolent racial attitudes work in tandem to reinforce racial inequalities.