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<p>The fabrication route for nickel-based powder alloy samples included hot forging of porous compacts using a screw press at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1220°C, followed by vacuum annealing of the forged billets at 1210°C for 1 and 4 h. At relatively low hot forging temperatures (950–1050°C), significant residual volumetric porosity (12.5–6.5%) remained within the forged billets. In addition, two-dimensional defects (planar pores of zero volume) were identified in the microstructure. These defects formed along grain boundaries through their decoration with fine oxide (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) and carbide (NbC, TiC, etc.) inclusions. Increasing the forging temperature to 1150–1220°C was found to minimize planar porosity and produce nearly fully dense material with high-quality intergranular contact surfaces. Analysis of the results also demonstrated that increasing the forging temperature from 950 to 1150°C was accompanied by a decrease in electrical resistivity and improvement in mechanical properties, while further temperature rise did not significantly enhance the mechanical properties. At deformation temperatures above 1150°C, the highest density and the lowest residual defect content were achieved. The strength and fracture toughness increased after heat treatment and with longer holding times compared to the forged samples. The materials produced by hot forging at 1150 and 1220°C exhibited relatively high creep resistance: the compressive yield stress at 700°C reached 700–800 MPa and the ultimate strength exceeded 2000 MPa.</p>

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Effect of Process Parameters on the Structure and Properties of a Creep-resistant Nickel-based Superalloy Produced by Hot Forging of Porous Billets

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • G. A. Bagliuk,
  • O. I. Tolochyn,
  • V. I. Danylenko,
  • I. Yu. Okun,
  • S. F. Kyryliuk,
  • O. V. Tolochyna

摘要

The fabrication route for nickel-based powder alloy samples included hot forging of porous compacts using a screw press at temperatures ranging from 950 to 1220°C, followed by vacuum annealing of the forged billets at 1210°C for 1 and 4 h. At relatively low hot forging temperatures (950–1050°C), significant residual volumetric porosity (12.5–6.5%) remained within the forged billets. In addition, two-dimensional defects (planar pores of zero volume) were identified in the microstructure. These defects formed along grain boundaries through their decoration with fine oxide (Al2O3 and TiO2) and carbide (NbC, TiC, etc.) inclusions. Increasing the forging temperature to 1150–1220°C was found to minimize planar porosity and produce nearly fully dense material with high-quality intergranular contact surfaces. Analysis of the results also demonstrated that increasing the forging temperature from 950 to 1150°C was accompanied by a decrease in electrical resistivity and improvement in mechanical properties, while further temperature rise did not significantly enhance the mechanical properties. At deformation temperatures above 1150°C, the highest density and the lowest residual defect content were achieved. The strength and fracture toughness increased after heat treatment and with longer holding times compared to the forged samples. The materials produced by hot forging at 1150 and 1220°C exhibited relatively high creep resistance: the compressive yield stress at 700°C reached 700–800 MPa and the ultimate strength exceeded 2000 MPa.