<p>The evolution of rheological parameters of chitosan hydrogel/silicon nitride paste was studied during and after the application of mechanical shear at different rates using a Rheotest RN 4.1 rotational viscometer. The paste composition for 3D printing by robocasting included chitosan, food-grade gelatin, Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanopowder, distilled water, and a 9% acetic acid solution. At a shear rate of 800 sec<sup>–1</sup> (the maximum value for Rheotest RN 4.1), the paste exhibited a sharp decrease in dynamic viscosity: about 99% relative to the initial value. After cessation of shear, the paste recovered 25–35% of its viscosity within a period referred to by the authors as ‘viscosity stabilization time’. Based on practical observations, this viscosity stabilization time was determined to be 18–19 sec. According to the authors, the pronounced decrease in dynamic viscosity and thixotropic behavior of the paste can be attributed to the inherent properties of gelatin. They also suggest that the abrupt change in viscosity proceeds through a threshold mechanism. Printed samples were produced using a Zmorph 2.0SX Full Set (FDM) 3D printer equipped with a direct piston extruder developed by the authors. It was experimentally established that, even at a shear rate of 200 sec<sup>–1</sup>, the paste had 7000 mPa · sec viscosity, which is sufficient for printing. Analysis of the drying process for the printed samples indicated the need for careful humidity control in the room or within the drying chamber. Examination of the material’s structure demonstrated the benefits of using (or adding) nanosized components, primarily intended to reduce pore sizes in the products and facilitate the penetration of biomaterials during subsequent biomedical use.</p>

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Evolution of Rheological Parameters of Chitosan Hydrogel/Silicon Nitride Paste During 3D Printing by Robocasting for Biomedical Applications

  • O. V. Derevianko,
  • S. E. Ivanchenko,
  • V. Yu. Naumenko,
  • O. B. Zgalat-Lozynskyy

摘要

The evolution of rheological parameters of chitosan hydrogel/silicon nitride paste was studied during and after the application of mechanical shear at different rates using a Rheotest RN 4.1 rotational viscometer. The paste composition for 3D printing by robocasting included chitosan, food-grade gelatin, Si3N4 nanopowder, distilled water, and a 9% acetic acid solution. At a shear rate of 800 sec–1 (the maximum value for Rheotest RN 4.1), the paste exhibited a sharp decrease in dynamic viscosity: about 99% relative to the initial value. After cessation of shear, the paste recovered 25–35% of its viscosity within a period referred to by the authors as ‘viscosity stabilization time’. Based on practical observations, this viscosity stabilization time was determined to be 18–19 sec. According to the authors, the pronounced decrease in dynamic viscosity and thixotropic behavior of the paste can be attributed to the inherent properties of gelatin. They also suggest that the abrupt change in viscosity proceeds through a threshold mechanism. Printed samples were produced using a Zmorph 2.0SX Full Set (FDM) 3D printer equipped with a direct piston extruder developed by the authors. It was experimentally established that, even at a shear rate of 200 sec–1, the paste had 7000 mPa · sec viscosity, which is sufficient for printing. Analysis of the drying process for the printed samples indicated the need for careful humidity control in the room or within the drying chamber. Examination of the material’s structure demonstrated the benefits of using (or adding) nanosized components, primarily intended to reduce pore sizes in the products and facilitate the penetration of biomaterials during subsequent biomedical use.