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<p>Agronomically desirable homozygous genotypes for traits of interest are crucial for successful plant breeding programs. This study aimed to identify groundnut genotypes resistant to foliar diseases and high oleic acid content through natural field screening, biochemical analysis, and molecular validation for use in marker-assisted backcross breeding. Fifty-two groundnut genotypes were evaluated, including a resistant (ICG 15419) and susceptible (TMV 7) check for late leaf spot and rust. In field screening, ICG 8760, ICG 11088, ICG 12276, ICG 12625, and ICG 15419 were identified as resistant to both late leaf spot and rust. Biochemical assays showed that ICG 15419, ICG 8760, ICG 15398, and ICG 115 had elevated levels of phenols, proteins, chlorophyll, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Genotyping with 13 polymorphic SSR markers identified 35 alleles, with PIC values ranging from 0.50 to 0.66. Biometrical analysis revealed significant variation, high heritability, and strong positive correlations between key agronomic traits and pod yield. Principal component analysis identified six major principal components, which explained 72.22% of the total variability. Based on comprehensive evaluations, ICG 15419 and ICG 8760 were identified as superior donor genotypes for enhancing oleic acid content in TMV 7 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. The development of high-oleic, disease-resistant cultivars offers significant advantages for industrial processing, food applications, and improved shelf life of groundnut products.</p>

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Biochemical and Molecular Characterization of High-Oleic, Foliar Disease-Resistant Groundnut Genotypes for Enhanced Nutritional and Industrial Value

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Rachel Lissy Vargheese,
  • M. Arumugam Pillai

摘要

Agronomically desirable homozygous genotypes for traits of interest are crucial for successful plant breeding programs. This study aimed to identify groundnut genotypes resistant to foliar diseases and high oleic acid content through natural field screening, biochemical analysis, and molecular validation for use in marker-assisted backcross breeding. Fifty-two groundnut genotypes were evaluated, including a resistant (ICG 15419) and susceptible (TMV 7) check for late leaf spot and rust. In field screening, ICG 8760, ICG 11088, ICG 12276, ICG 12625, and ICG 15419 were identified as resistant to both late leaf spot and rust. Biochemical assays showed that ICG 15419, ICG 8760, ICG 15398, and ICG 115 had elevated levels of phenols, proteins, chlorophyll, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase. Genotyping with 13 polymorphic SSR markers identified 35 alleles, with PIC values ranging from 0.50 to 0.66. Biometrical analysis revealed significant variation, high heritability, and strong positive correlations between key agronomic traits and pod yield. Principal component analysis identified six major principal components, which explained 72.22% of the total variability. Based on comprehensive evaluations, ICG 15419 and ICG 8760 were identified as superior donor genotypes for enhancing oleic acid content in TMV 7 through marker-assisted backcross breeding. The development of high-oleic, disease-resistant cultivars offers significant advantages for industrial processing, food applications, and improved shelf life of groundnut products.