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<p><i>Gigantochloa levis</i> (Buluh Beting) is an ecologically valuable bamboo species with structural, environmental, and bioresource importance. As global warming threatens forest resilience, understanding how temperature influences bamboo wood formation is increasingly critical. This study examined transcriptomic regulation of xylogenesis in <i>G. levis</i> plantlets exposed in vitro to 15&#xa0;°C, 30&#xa0;°C, and 40&#xa0;°C for three days. High-quality RNA sequencing yielded more than 97% clean reads (Q30 = 93.63–95.27%), and de novo assembly generated 995,226 transcripts (N50 = 1107&#xa0;bp), refined to 307,980 coding transcripts (N50 = 1947&#xa0;bp). Differential expressions, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses identified temperature-responsive pathways involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Low temperature (15&#xa0;°C) resulted in modest changes in lignin-associated transcripts, suggesting a limited transcriptional response under this condition. In contrast, high temperature (40&#xa0;°C) was associated with transcriptional suppression of secondary cell wall biosynthesis, marked by downregulation of lignin-related enzymes such as peroxidases (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), beta-glucosidases (BGLU), and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), together with reduced expression of cellulose synthase (CesA), sucrose synthase (SuSy), and hemicellulose-associated genes. These coordinated transcriptional responses suggest a predicted suppression of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose biosynthetic pathways, indicating potential impacts on secondary cell wall formation under elevated temperatures. Validation of five representative genes using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) supported RNA-seq temperature-responsive expression patterns. Overall, this study provides transcriptomic evidence of temperature-responsive regulation of secondary cell wall–related biosynthetic processes in <i>G. levis</i>, offering insights for functional genomics and improving bamboo resilience under climate change.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Temperature-Driven Transcriptomic Regulation of Xylogenesis in Gigantochloa levis Reveals Transcriptional Suppression of Secondary Cell Wall Biosynthetic Programs under Heat Stress

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Mohammad Rahmat Derise,
  • Anis Adilah Mustafa,
  • Kenneth Francis Rodrigues,
  • Julius Kulip,
  • Chee Wei Yew,
  • Wilson Thau Lym Yong

摘要

Gigantochloa levis (Buluh Beting) is an ecologically valuable bamboo species with structural, environmental, and bioresource importance. As global warming threatens forest resilience, understanding how temperature influences bamboo wood formation is increasingly critical. This study examined transcriptomic regulation of xylogenesis in G. levis plantlets exposed in vitro to 15 °C, 30 °C, and 40 °C for three days. High-quality RNA sequencing yielded more than 97% clean reads (Q30 = 93.63–95.27%), and de novo assembly generated 995,226 transcripts (N50 = 1107 bp), refined to 307,980 coding transcripts (N50 = 1947 bp). Differential expressions, Gene Ontology (GO), and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses identified temperature-responsive pathways involved in secondary cell wall biosynthesis. Low temperature (15 °C) resulted in modest changes in lignin-associated transcripts, suggesting a limited transcriptional response under this condition. In contrast, high temperature (40 °C) was associated with transcriptional suppression of secondary cell wall biosynthesis, marked by downregulation of lignin-related enzymes such as peroxidases (POD), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), beta-glucosidases (BGLU), and 4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase (4CL), together with reduced expression of cellulose synthase (CesA), sucrose synthase (SuSy), and hemicellulose-associated genes. These coordinated transcriptional responses suggest a predicted suppression of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose biosynthetic pathways, indicating potential impacts on secondary cell wall formation under elevated temperatures. Validation of five representative genes using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) supported RNA-seq temperature-responsive expression patterns. Overall, this study provides transcriptomic evidence of temperature-responsive regulation of secondary cell wall–related biosynthetic processes in G. levis, offering insights for functional genomics and improving bamboo resilience under climate change.

Graphical Abstract