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<p>Leaf rust (<i>Puccinia triticina</i> Eriks) is a major disease of bread wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) that causes significant yield and economic losses worldwide. This study aimed to characterize a diverse panel of 300 wheat genotypes for leaf rust resistance and to assess their genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Field screening was conducted under controlled inoculation conditions, and the genotypes were categorized as resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), or susceptible (S). Molecular diversity was evaluated using 50 polymorphic SSR markers distributed across the A, B, and D genomes. The first four principal components (F1–F4) explained 93.34% of the total phenotypic variance. Both PCA and UPGMA cluster analyses identified three major genotype groups, with genotypes G15, G36, G45, G81, G116, G150, G180, and G213 showing strong resistance, while G59, G221, G290, and G268 were highly susceptible. Population structure analysis (K = 3) confirmed these clusters. The B genome showed the highest genetic diversity, particularly on chromosome 1B (marker Xgwm11; GD = 0.86, PIC = 0.83). Overall, the integration of phenotypic and molecular data revealed substantial genetic variation, providing valuable resistant genotypes and molecular resources for developing durable leaf rust–resistant wheat cultivars.</p>

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Genotypic Characterization of Genetic Diversity for the Development of Leaf Rust Resistance in Bread Wheat using SSR Markers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月9日

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  • Mueen Alam Khan,
  • Muhammad Farooq Naseer,
  • Jafarov Valeh,
  • Hafiz Ghulam Muhu Din Ahmed,
  • Beena Alam,
  • Adel A. Rezk,
  • Nora M. Al Aboud

摘要

Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks) is a major disease of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that causes significant yield and economic losses worldwide. This study aimed to characterize a diverse panel of 300 wheat genotypes for leaf rust resistance and to assess their genetic diversity using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Field screening was conducted under controlled inoculation conditions, and the genotypes were categorized as resistant (R), moderately resistant (MR), moderately susceptible (MS), or susceptible (S). Molecular diversity was evaluated using 50 polymorphic SSR markers distributed across the A, B, and D genomes. The first four principal components (F1–F4) explained 93.34% of the total phenotypic variance. Both PCA and UPGMA cluster analyses identified three major genotype groups, with genotypes G15, G36, G45, G81, G116, G150, G180, and G213 showing strong resistance, while G59, G221, G290, and G268 were highly susceptible. Population structure analysis (K = 3) confirmed these clusters. The B genome showed the highest genetic diversity, particularly on chromosome 1B (marker Xgwm11; GD = 0.86, PIC = 0.83). Overall, the integration of phenotypic and molecular data revealed substantial genetic variation, providing valuable resistant genotypes and molecular resources for developing durable leaf rust–resistant wheat cultivars.