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<p><i>Tectaria coadunata</i> (J.Sm.) C.Chr. is a medicinal fern widely distributed in tropical areas around the world and throughout India. The frond and rhizome of this plant are utilized in the Indian Ayurvedic medicinal system for the treatment of several diseases, especially related to inflammatory conditions. Limited literature available on this plant attributes its anti-inflammatory potential to a broad class of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and terpenoids. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) comparisons of the frond and rhizome confirmed the presence of 35 highly abundant metabolites including flavonoids and terpenoids. Epicatechin derivatives and 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside were identified as predominant flavonoids, while moluccensin J and allamcidin B were major terpenoids enriched in the rhizome. Further, using the Illumina platform (NovaSeq 6000), a total of 30,331,204 and 33,588,285 high-quality reads were generated from the frond and rhizome, respectively. These were de novo assembled into 373,813 contigs. Unique contigs (356,339) were obtained after reducing redundancy. Later, genes involved in the flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways were functionally annotated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as dihydroflavonol 4-reductase: <i>DFR</i>, chalcone-flavonone isomerase: <i>CHI</i> and anthocyanidin synthase: <i>ANS</i>, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase: <i>HMGR</i> and terpene synthase: <i>TPS17</i> were validated using qRT-PCR. Transcript-metabolite correlation revealed an abundance of genes that encoded enzymes of the flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. In a nutshell, the rhizome of <i>T. coadunata</i> was found to be a richer reservoir of secondary metabolites than the frond. Importantly, we have generated a transcriptomic and metabolomic resource for further exploration of this non-model fern.</p>

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Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis Reveal Genes Involved in Flavonoid and Terpenoid Biosynthesis in Tectaria coadunata (J.Sm.) C.Chr.

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月4日

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  • Sayali M. Khedkar,
  • Milind M. Sardesai,
  • Vitthal T. Barvkar,
  • Hemlata M. Kotkar

摘要

Tectaria coadunata (J.Sm.) C.Chr. is a medicinal fern widely distributed in tropical areas around the world and throughout India. The frond and rhizome of this plant are utilized in the Indian Ayurvedic medicinal system for the treatment of several diseases, especially related to inflammatory conditions. Limited literature available on this plant attributes its anti-inflammatory potential to a broad class of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids and terpenoids. In this study, an untargeted metabolomics approach using liquid chromatography quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) comparisons of the frond and rhizome confirmed the presence of 35 highly abundant metabolites including flavonoids and terpenoids. Epicatechin derivatives and 6-hydroxyluteolin 7-O-β-D-glucoside were identified as predominant flavonoids, while moluccensin J and allamcidin B were major terpenoids enriched in the rhizome. Further, using the Illumina platform (NovaSeq 6000), a total of 30,331,204 and 33,588,285 high-quality reads were generated from the frond and rhizome, respectively. These were de novo assembled into 373,813 contigs. Unique contigs (356,339) were obtained after reducing redundancy. Later, genes involved in the flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways were functionally annotated. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) such as dihydroflavonol 4-reductase: DFR, chalcone-flavonone isomerase: CHI and anthocyanidin synthase: ANS, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase: HMGR and terpene synthase: TPS17 were validated using qRT-PCR. Transcript-metabolite correlation revealed an abundance of genes that encoded enzymes of the flavonoid and terpenoid biosynthesis pathways. In a nutshell, the rhizome of T. coadunata was found to be a richer reservoir of secondary metabolites than the frond. Importantly, we have generated a transcriptomic and metabolomic resource for further exploration of this non-model fern.