<p>Turmeric has been an integral part of Indian households for centuries, valued not only as a culinary ingredient but also for its medicinal properties. Often referred to as the “golden spice of India”, turmeric is widely cultivated across the Indian subcontinent. Among its 30 known cultivars, the Lakadong variety stands out due to its exceptionally high curcumin content. While Assam turmeric (used as a control) contains approximately 3% curcumin, the Lakadong variety boasts a significantly higher concentration of around 7%. To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying this increased curcumin production, a transcriptomic analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Lakadong turmeric compared to the standard variety. Enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were associated with crucial biological processes, including responses to salt stress and regulation of jasmonic acid and ethylene signalling pathways. A comparative expression analysis of curcumin biosynthesis genes highlighted the overexpression of CS, CS1, and CS3, which are key contributors to curcumin biosynthesis in Lakadong turmeric. Furthermore, to explore the regulatory mechanisms governing this pathway, various transcription factors were identified whose expression patterns correlated with those of the biosynthetic genes. This study provides insights into potent regulator of curcumin biosynthesis, offering a valuable target for genetic enhancement aimed at increasing curcumin content in other turmeric cultivars.</p>