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<p>Angiosperms have a variety of sexual systems. All sex types have evolved from the most primitive type, cosexuality through several mutations.&#xa0;The primary reproductive organs that distinguish male and female plants come from the distinct sex organ growth, repression&#xa0;or abortion in unisexual flowers;&#xa0;This review aims to summarize the role of transcriptomic approaches in identifying gene expression patterns underlying sex differentiation in flowering plants;&#xa0;Relevant studies on floral organ development and sex expression were examined emphasizing molecular and transcriptomic analyses across different plant species and flower stages;&#xa0;Evidences indicate that plant sex expression is&#xa0;influenced by chromosomal, genetic, environmental and hormonal factors; however, these factors alone cannot fully clarify the mechanism behind a specific sex expression. The MADS-box genes are thought to play a major role in floral organ development, as suggested by developmental and molecular investigations in various plant species. Finding the genes involved in floral growth and figuring out the cause of distinct sex types require transcriptome analysis of flowers at various stages and in various sex types. The sequencing of mRNA transcripts produces a significant amount of functional information that can be utilized to find new and novel genes with known or anticipated activities. Transcriptome sequencing is a preferable alternative to whole-genome sequencing. Also, with the use of differential gene analysis, it is feasible to identify genes that are expressed differentially in different sex types by analyzing the number of gene transcripts within a transcriptome;&#xa0;Transcriptomic studies offer a powerful tool to uncover molecular determinants of plant sexual systems and contribute to understanding the genetic and regulatory networks governing floral sex differentiation in angiosperms.</p>

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Angiosperm Sexual Systems: The Role of Transcriptomics in Understanding Sex expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Kamana Shandalya,
  • Mukhtar Ahmed,
  • Puranamrita,
  • Susheel Verma

摘要

Angiosperms have a variety of sexual systems. All sex types have evolved from the most primitive type, cosexuality through several mutations. The primary reproductive organs that distinguish male and female plants come from the distinct sex organ growth, repression or abortion in unisexual flowers; This review aims to summarize the role of transcriptomic approaches in identifying gene expression patterns underlying sex differentiation in flowering plants; Relevant studies on floral organ development and sex expression were examined emphasizing molecular and transcriptomic analyses across different plant species and flower stages; Evidences indicate that plant sex expression is influenced by chromosomal, genetic, environmental and hormonal factors; however, these factors alone cannot fully clarify the mechanism behind a specific sex expression. The MADS-box genes are thought to play a major role in floral organ development, as suggested by developmental and molecular investigations in various plant species. Finding the genes involved in floral growth and figuring out the cause of distinct sex types require transcriptome analysis of flowers at various stages and in various sex types. The sequencing of mRNA transcripts produces a significant amount of functional information that can be utilized to find new and novel genes with known or anticipated activities. Transcriptome sequencing is a preferable alternative to whole-genome sequencing. Also, with the use of differential gene analysis, it is feasible to identify genes that are expressed differentially in different sex types by analyzing the number of gene transcripts within a transcriptome; Transcriptomic studies offer a powerful tool to uncover molecular determinants of plant sexual systems and contribute to understanding the genetic and regulatory networks governing floral sex differentiation in angiosperms.