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<p>Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) is a staple food crop where yield potential relies on the exploitation of genetic diversity. In this study, 35 rice genotypes included cultivated varieties, germplasm, and advance breeding lines collected from different agro-ecological zone which were evaluated to assess genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advances for yield and related traits, with the ultimate goal of identifying promising parents for breeding program. A broad range of variability was observed among genotypes for most of the studied traits, confirming significant genetic diversity. Cluster analysis and PCA grouped the genotypes into distinct cluster and explained 83.20% of the total variation, highlighting the presence of divergent and unique genetic resources. Analysis of variance displayed significant difference among the genotypes for most traits. High phenotypic coefficient variation indicated the influence of the environment. While the traits such as days to heading (85.21%), days to maturity (76.35%), panicle weight (65.59%), number of grains per panicle (62.62%), flag leaf width (60.09%) showed high heritability and number of grains per panicle (44.08%), panicle weight (43.47%), number of tillers per plant (27.18%), grain weight (24.70%), and flag leaf area (22.48%) had the maximum genetic advance as percent of mean. Grain yield per plant exposed positive association with different studied traits indicating that these traits could be useful for its improvement. Genotypic path coefficient highlighted flag leaf width, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, and panicle weight as key contributors to yield, while at the phenotypic level, highest positive direct was identified by days to maturity, flag leaf width, plant height, and flag leaf length. Overall high heritability with moderate to low genetic advance suggested non-additive genes action, limiting the effectiveness of direct selection. These findings provide novel insights into genetic diversity pattern and traits interdependences, offering a strategic framework for selecting elite rice genotypes for future breeding.</p>

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Evaluation of Genetic Diversity, Yield, and Its Associated Traits in Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

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  • Zeeshan Ali,
  • Muhammad Naeem,
  • Iqra Rafiq,
  • Abdul Rehman,
  • Shabir Ahmad,
  • Khairiah Mubarak Alwutayd,
  • Fatmah Ahmed Safhi,
  • Javed Iqbal,
  • Rashid Iqbal

摘要

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food crop where yield potential relies on the exploitation of genetic diversity. In this study, 35 rice genotypes included cultivated varieties, germplasm, and advance breeding lines collected from different agro-ecological zone which were evaluated to assess genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advances for yield and related traits, with the ultimate goal of identifying promising parents for breeding program. A broad range of variability was observed among genotypes for most of the studied traits, confirming significant genetic diversity. Cluster analysis and PCA grouped the genotypes into distinct cluster and explained 83.20% of the total variation, highlighting the presence of divergent and unique genetic resources. Analysis of variance displayed significant difference among the genotypes for most traits. High phenotypic coefficient variation indicated the influence of the environment. While the traits such as days to heading (85.21%), days to maturity (76.35%), panicle weight (65.59%), number of grains per panicle (62.62%), flag leaf width (60.09%) showed high heritability and number of grains per panicle (44.08%), panicle weight (43.47%), number of tillers per plant (27.18%), grain weight (24.70%), and flag leaf area (22.48%) had the maximum genetic advance as percent of mean. Grain yield per plant exposed positive association with different studied traits indicating that these traits could be useful for its improvement. Genotypic path coefficient highlighted flag leaf width, flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, and panicle weight as key contributors to yield, while at the phenotypic level, highest positive direct was identified by days to maturity, flag leaf width, plant height, and flag leaf length. Overall high heritability with moderate to low genetic advance suggested non-additive genes action, limiting the effectiveness of direct selection. These findings provide novel insights into genetic diversity pattern and traits interdependences, offering a strategic framework for selecting elite rice genotypes for future breeding.