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<p>As the world’s top rice exporter, India faces growing climate challenges, especially for smallholder farmers. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a promising shift by reducing labor and water use, but its adoption is hindered by abiotic stresses like waterlogging during germination and intermittent drought. Anaerobic germination (AG) tolerance is therefore a critical trait for the successful establishment of DSR, enabling seed germination and early seedling growth under low-oxygen conditions. Several QTLs, including qAG-9-2, are associated with AG tolerance (AGT), but limited donor availability has slowed genetic improvement. In this study, 500 diverse <i>Indica</i> rice lines were screened under hypoxic conditions, identifying 48 lines with over 50% germination for further evaluation. These, along with two AG-susceptible checks (CO 52 and ADT 54), were assessed across two seasons for nine key AGT-related traits to identify promising donors. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) highlighted RL 4130, RL 4320, RL 9692, and RL 9695 as superior AGT rice lines. Using 22 AGT-linked SSR primers, 47 alleles were detected across 50 rice lines. Importantly, the identified AGT-tolerant lines (RL 4130, RL 4320, RL 9692, and RL 9695) tend to cluster separately or exhibit a different admixture pattern in the population structure analysis and are phenotypically distinct from susceptible lines like CO 52 and ADT 54. This separation in terms of overall performance and genetic background indicates ample genetic variation for selecting parents in direct-seeded rice breeding programs in India.</p>

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Elucidating the Genetic and Molecular Potential of Rice Genotypes for Anaerobic Germination Tolerance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月12日

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  • K. M. Revannaswamy,
  • E. Anvesh,
  • M. Prapakaran,
  • M. Raveendran,
  • R. Pushpa,
  • K. Sathiya Bama,
  • N. Sritharan,
  • S. Manonmani,
  • R. Suresh

摘要

As the world’s top rice exporter, India faces growing climate challenges, especially for smallholder farmers. Direct-seeded rice (DSR) offers a promising shift by reducing labor and water use, but its adoption is hindered by abiotic stresses like waterlogging during germination and intermittent drought. Anaerobic germination (AG) tolerance is therefore a critical trait for the successful establishment of DSR, enabling seed germination and early seedling growth under low-oxygen conditions. Several QTLs, including qAG-9-2, are associated with AG tolerance (AGT), but limited donor availability has slowed genetic improvement. In this study, 500 diverse Indica rice lines were screened under hypoxic conditions, identifying 48 lines with over 50% germination for further evaluation. These, along with two AG-susceptible checks (CO 52 and ADT 54), were assessed across two seasons for nine key AGT-related traits to identify promising donors. Principal component analysis (PCA) combined with the Multi-Trait Genotype–Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) highlighted RL 4130, RL 4320, RL 9692, and RL 9695 as superior AGT rice lines. Using 22 AGT-linked SSR primers, 47 alleles were detected across 50 rice lines. Importantly, the identified AGT-tolerant lines (RL 4130, RL 4320, RL 9692, and RL 9695) tend to cluster separately or exhibit a different admixture pattern in the population structure analysis and are phenotypically distinct from susceptible lines like CO 52 and ADT 54. This separation in terms of overall performance and genetic background indicates ample genetic variation for selecting parents in direct-seeded rice breeding programs in India.