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<p>Low yields and quality defects in bayberry cultivation are primarily attributed to insufficient pollen supply and barriers to cross-pollination. To overcome the breeding bottleneck, this study focuses on the technology of chemically inducing male flower differentiation in female plants to establish a controllable pollen source system. Based on the previously observed phenomenon of female flower sex conversion, a systematic screening of chemical induction protocols for yingsi bayberry spring shoots was conducted. The results indicate that spraying uniconazole during the critical period of flower bud physiological differentiation (October–November) significantly induces the formation of functional male flowers in female plants, with pollen viability reaching 89.3 ± 2.1%. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that uniconazole reduces gibberellin (GA) content by suppressing the expression of GA transport genes (gene-CJ030_MR4G011967, gene-CJ030_MR4G013737) and biosynthesis genes (gene-CJ030_MR0G006450), while activating the expression of MADS-box genes (gene-CJ030_MR0G004521, gene-CJ030_MR4G015426), collectively driving the transformation of floral organs from male to female. This study employed uniconazole-induced field pollination experiments to significantly enhance the fruit setting rate, effectively overcoming the incompatibility issues associated with traditional pollination methods. This technology provides a quantifiable operational solution for targeted crossbreeding and stable yield increases in bayberry.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Elucidating the Mechanism of Uniconazole-Induced Male Flower Differentiation in Chinese Bayberry Through GA Biosynthesis Regulation Based on Omics Technologies

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Juan Liu,
  • Biya Gong,
  • Lu Liu,
  • Xianxin Li,
  • Youhan Kong

摘要

Low yields and quality defects in bayberry cultivation are primarily attributed to insufficient pollen supply and barriers to cross-pollination. To overcome the breeding bottleneck, this study focuses on the technology of chemically inducing male flower differentiation in female plants to establish a controllable pollen source system. Based on the previously observed phenomenon of female flower sex conversion, a systematic screening of chemical induction protocols for yingsi bayberry spring shoots was conducted. The results indicate that spraying uniconazole during the critical period of flower bud physiological differentiation (October–November) significantly induces the formation of functional male flowers in female plants, with pollen viability reaching 89.3 ± 2.1%. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and metabolome data revealed that uniconazole reduces gibberellin (GA) content by suppressing the expression of GA transport genes (gene-CJ030_MR4G011967, gene-CJ030_MR4G013737) and biosynthesis genes (gene-CJ030_MR0G006450), while activating the expression of MADS-box genes (gene-CJ030_MR0G004521, gene-CJ030_MR4G015426), collectively driving the transformation of floral organs from male to female. This study employed uniconazole-induced field pollination experiments to significantly enhance the fruit setting rate, effectively overcoming the incompatibility issues associated with traditional pollination methods. This technology provides a quantifiable operational solution for targeted crossbreeding and stable yield increases in bayberry.

Graphical Abstract