<p>Black gram (<i>Vigna mungo</i> (L.) Hepper) is one of the major pulse crops having a significant source of dietary protein and potential to fix the atmospheric nitrogen through root nodules. Twenty four Indian black gram genotypes were analyzed for genetic diversity and population structure by employing 20 agro-morphological (9 distinctness, uniformity and stability (DUS) descriptors and 11 quantitative traits) and 11 microsatellite/SSR markers. Nine DUS descriptors exhibited polymorphism with maximum morphological variation (<i>H</i> = 0.940) for leaf color. Mahalanobis D² genetic divergence sorted the black gram genotypes into two clusters. A total of 43 alleles were generated by 11 SSR primers, with a mean value of 3.91. The value of PIC ranged from 0.36 (BgSr02 and BgSr45) to 0.74(BgSr24), with an average of 0.53. According to the cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) technique, the genotypes were grouped into two major clusters; however, three major groups were identified using the DARwin neighbour-joining tree approach. Based on the structure analysis, the population was classified into two groups. By discriminating agro-morphological and molecular clusters, the eight genotypes, viz<i>.,</i> Him Mash-1, Chamba-7, Sirmour-2, Chamba-6, Chamba-1, Chamba-8, Kangra-3, and Palampur-93 were observed to be constant genotypes. Thus, an integrated approach of agro-morphological and molecular assessments of genetic diversity may be more optimum for the selection of different parental lines and their hybridization to introduce novel traits into Black gram.</p>