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<p>Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) is an important cereal in many developing countries, ensuring staple food for millions of people. However, the presence of high-level phytic acid in maize kernels is one of the major nutritional concerns. Reduction of phytic acid has become a major challenge in breeding programmes to increase the nutritional quality of foods and feeds. In the current investigation, an attempt was made to develop low-phytate maize genotypes by incorporating <i>lpa1</i> and <i>lpa2</i> genes associated with lower phytic acid (PA) and inorganic phosphorous (P<sub>i</sub>) levels in the background of well-adapted agronomically elite tropical maize inbred lines, BML6 and BML45, showing high phytate contents in kernels. The stepwise transfer of <i>lpa1</i> and <i>lpa2</i> genes using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) technique was undertaken. The foreground selection in F<sub>1</sub> and the segregating generations (BC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> and IC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub>–IC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>2</sub>) were carried out using umc2230-linked STMS marker and co-dominant SNP. The background selections in segregating generations were performed with genome-wide simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Four distinct BC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> lines of BML6 × LPA1 (Cross 1), BML6 × LPA2 (Cross 2), BML45 × LPA1 (Cross 3), and BML45 × LPA2 (Cross 4) having <i>lpa1</i> and <i>lpa2</i> genes with the highest recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) were intercrossed to develop the IC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>1</sub> and IC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>2</sub> populations. Further, the <i>lpa1</i> and <i>lpa2</i> pyramided lines were examined for PA and P<sub>i</sub> contents. The IC<sub>1</sub>F<sub>2</sub> lines, #3390 (1.75 ± 0.087&#xa0;mg/g) of BML6 and #3990 (1.52 ± 0.091&#xa0;mg/g) of BML45, had significantly lower levels of PA as compared to recurrent parents and on par agronomic performance, whereas the kernel P<sub>i</sub> level was found to be the highest (#3390 of BML6: 1.91 ± 0.202&#xa0;mg/g; #3990 BML45: 1.93 ± 0.066&#xa0;mg/g in BML45). The improved lines of BML6 and BML45 have the potential to be developed as cultivars for target agro-climatic zones as well as useful genetic stocks for breeding low-phytate maize cultivars. The results hold great significance to alleviate malnutrition issue in India and the world through biofortification of maize.</p>

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Development of Low Phytate Maize (Zea mays) Inbred Lines Through Marker-Assisted Pyramiding of lpa1 and lpa2 Genes

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月7日

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  • Yathish K. R.,
  • Chikkappa Gangadhar Karjagi,
  • Shivraj Singh Gangoliya,
  • Raveendra N. Gadag,
  • Mallikarjuna M.G,
  • Javaji Chandra Sekhar,
  • Abhijit Kumar Das,
  • Firoz Hossain,
  • Sujay Rakshit

摘要

Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal in many developing countries, ensuring staple food for millions of people. However, the presence of high-level phytic acid in maize kernels is one of the major nutritional concerns. Reduction of phytic acid has become a major challenge in breeding programmes to increase the nutritional quality of foods and feeds. In the current investigation, an attempt was made to develop low-phytate maize genotypes by incorporating lpa1 and lpa2 genes associated with lower phytic acid (PA) and inorganic phosphorous (Pi) levels in the background of well-adapted agronomically elite tropical maize inbred lines, BML6 and BML45, showing high phytate contents in kernels. The stepwise transfer of lpa1 and lpa2 genes using marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB) technique was undertaken. The foreground selection in F1 and the segregating generations (BC1F1 and IC1F1–IC1F2) were carried out using umc2230-linked STMS marker and co-dominant SNP. The background selections in segregating generations were performed with genome-wide simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Four distinct BC1F1 lines of BML6 × LPA1 (Cross 1), BML6 × LPA2 (Cross 2), BML45 × LPA1 (Cross 3), and BML45 × LPA2 (Cross 4) having lpa1 and lpa2 genes with the highest recurrent parent genome recovery (RPGR) were intercrossed to develop the IC1F1 and IC1F2 populations. Further, the lpa1 and lpa2 pyramided lines were examined for PA and Pi contents. The IC1F2 lines, #3390 (1.75 ± 0.087 mg/g) of BML6 and #3990 (1.52 ± 0.091 mg/g) of BML45, had significantly lower levels of PA as compared to recurrent parents and on par agronomic performance, whereas the kernel Pi level was found to be the highest (#3390 of BML6: 1.91 ± 0.202 mg/g; #3990 BML45: 1.93 ± 0.066 mg/g in BML45). The improved lines of BML6 and BML45 have the potential to be developed as cultivars for target agro-climatic zones as well as useful genetic stocks for breeding low-phytate maize cultivars. The results hold great significance to alleviate malnutrition issue in India and the world through biofortification of maize.