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<p>Rutin, a natural flavonoid with significant health benefits, is predominantly found in buckwheat species like <i>F. tataricum</i> (tartary buckwheat) and <i>Fagopyrum esculentum</i> (common buckwheat). Despite advances in understanding rutin biosynthesis, the reasons for tartary buckwheat’s high rutin content remain uncertain. To investigate, we compared total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (via DPPH, FRAP, TEAC, and RP assays) alongside rutin quantification using HPLC. We also analyzed gene and miRNA expression profiles in various tissues of these species using qRT-PCR. Our findings show that <i>F. tataricum</i> consistently exhibits higher levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and superior antioxidant activity. It accumulates rutin nearly four to five times more in its leaves and mature grains compared to <i>F. esculentum</i>. Key structural genes like <i>PAL</i>, <i>C4H</i>, <i>CHS</i>, <i>CHI</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>F3H</i>, <i>FLS1</i>, and <i>RT</i>, along with MYB transcription factors (<i>MYB10</i> and <i>MYB12</i>), are upregulated in <i>F. tataricum</i>. Additionally, miRNAs such as miR1873, miR172, miR828, and miR858 show a strong correlation with target genes, viz., <i>PAL</i>, <i>4CL</i>, <i>CHS</i>, and <i>MYB12</i>, respectively<i>.</i> These results suggest a complex interplay of genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs in regulating rutin biosynthesis in buckwheat.</p>

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Comparative Assessment of mRNA-miRNA–TFs Regulatory Network for Rutin Biosynthesis in Different Tissues of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench. and F. tataricum L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月4日

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  • Akib Ali,
  • Upasna Chettry,
  • Nikhil K. Chrungoo

摘要

Rutin, a natural flavonoid with significant health benefits, is predominantly found in buckwheat species like F. tataricum (tartary buckwheat) and Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat). Despite advances in understanding rutin biosynthesis, the reasons for tartary buckwheat’s high rutin content remain uncertain. To investigate, we compared total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity (via DPPH, FRAP, TEAC, and RP assays) alongside rutin quantification using HPLC. We also analyzed gene and miRNA expression profiles in various tissues of these species using qRT-PCR. Our findings show that F. tataricum consistently exhibits higher levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and superior antioxidant activity. It accumulates rutin nearly four to five times more in its leaves and mature grains compared to F. esculentum. Key structural genes like PAL, C4H, CHS, CHI, 4CL, F3H, FLS1, and RT, along with MYB transcription factors (MYB10 and MYB12), are upregulated in F. tataricum. Additionally, miRNAs such as miR1873, miR172, miR828, and miR858 show a strong correlation with target genes, viz., PAL, 4CL, CHS, and MYB12, respectively. These results suggest a complex interplay of genes, transcription factors, and miRNAs in regulating rutin biosynthesis in buckwheat.