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Background and Aims <p>Foliar inhibition technology is widely recognized as an efficient and practical approach for mitigating cadmium (Cd) accumulation within rice crops. However, the interactions of foliar application involving various elements in relation to Cd absorption and transport in rice are still not fully understood.</p> Methods <p>A field experiment was conducted to examine the synergistic effects of foliar applying a zinc (Zn)-manganese (Mn) mixture (ZnSO<sub>4</sub> + MnSO<sub>4</sub>) during rice critical growth stages. Subcellular localization, chemical fractionation techniques, and the quantification of transcriptional activity for key genes involved in Cd transport were analyzed to study the influence of foliar spraying of Zn-Mn on Cd absorption, accumulation, and distribution in rice.</p> Results <p>Spraying Zn-Mn solution onto rice leaves could significantly reduce the absorption and movement of Cd within the rice tissues. Foliar applying 0.5&#xa0;g·L⁻<sup>1</sup> ZnSO<sub>4</sub> and 0.25&#xa0;g·L⁻<sup>1</sup> MnSO<sub>4</sub> during tillering and filling stages led to a 16.9% decrease (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in Cd levels in brown rice relative to the single spraying of Zn or Mn. The translocation factor (TF) of Cd from leaves to brown rice also significantly decreased at both the filling and maturity stages, showing reductions of 55.0% and 56.7% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), respectively. Additionally, spraying of Zn-Mn might significantly increase the Cd concentration of organelle fraction in leaves by 115.3% and the Cd concentration of residual in rice leaves by 687.4% (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) during the filling stage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that foliar spraying of Zn and Mn could downregulate the expression of Cd transport-related genes in rice stems and leaves, whereas it upregulated Cd sequestration-related genes in leaves. Specifically, the expression levels of <i>OsLCT</i>1 in leaves and stems were downregulated by 52.5% ~ 61.4%, while <i>OsHMA</i>3 in the rice leaves were upregulated by 49.1% during the filling stage.</p> Conclusions <p>Foliar application of Zn-Mn may effectively decrease Cd concentration in brown rice by enhancing the sequestration of Cd within leaves cellular components and regulating the expression of critical genes involved in Cd transport. The study provided a practical approach for mitigating Cd toxicity in rice plants and agricultural safety production in Cd contaminated soil.</p>

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Synergistic foliar application of zinc and manganese reduces Cd accumulation in rice by enhancing leaf sequestration and modulating Cd transporter gene expression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Chang Li,
  • Hang Zhou,
  • Xia Zhou,
  • Peng Zeng,
  • Lin Song,
  • Lan-Xin Ma,
  • Jiao-Feng Gu

摘要

Background and Aims

Foliar inhibition technology is widely recognized as an efficient and practical approach for mitigating cadmium (Cd) accumulation within rice crops. However, the interactions of foliar application involving various elements in relation to Cd absorption and transport in rice are still not fully understood.

Methods

A field experiment was conducted to examine the synergistic effects of foliar applying a zinc (Zn)-manganese (Mn) mixture (ZnSO4 + MnSO4) during rice critical growth stages. Subcellular localization, chemical fractionation techniques, and the quantification of transcriptional activity for key genes involved in Cd transport were analyzed to study the influence of foliar spraying of Zn-Mn on Cd absorption, accumulation, and distribution in rice.

Results

Spraying Zn-Mn solution onto rice leaves could significantly reduce the absorption and movement of Cd within the rice tissues. Foliar applying 0.5 g·L⁻1 ZnSO4 and 0.25 g·L⁻1 MnSO4 during tillering and filling stages led to a 16.9% decrease (P < 0.05) in Cd levels in brown rice relative to the single spraying of Zn or Mn. The translocation factor (TF) of Cd from leaves to brown rice also significantly decreased at both the filling and maturity stages, showing reductions of 55.0% and 56.7% (P < 0.05), respectively. Additionally, spraying of Zn-Mn might significantly increase the Cd concentration of organelle fraction in leaves by 115.3% and the Cd concentration of residual in rice leaves by 687.4% (P < 0.05) during the filling stage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicated that foliar spraying of Zn and Mn could downregulate the expression of Cd transport-related genes in rice stems and leaves, whereas it upregulated Cd sequestration-related genes in leaves. Specifically, the expression levels of OsLCT1 in leaves and stems were downregulated by 52.5% ~ 61.4%, while OsHMA3 in the rice leaves were upregulated by 49.1% during the filling stage.

Conclusions

Foliar application of Zn-Mn may effectively decrease Cd concentration in brown rice by enhancing the sequestration of Cd within leaves cellular components and regulating the expression of critical genes involved in Cd transport. The study provided a practical approach for mitigating Cd toxicity in rice plants and agricultural safety production in Cd contaminated soil.