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Background and aims <p>Salinity stress severely reduces agricultural productivity worldwide, affecting crops at all growth stages. Enhancing yield under salinity requires understanding the genetic basis of morpho-agronomic traits. Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare L.</i>), the fourth most produced cereal and relatively salt-tolerant, provides a useful model for such studies.</p> Methods <p>A panel of 150 spring barley genotypes was evaluated under field conditions, exposing plants to 200&#xa0;mM NaCl from early reproductive stages until harvest. Treatments included hydro-priming and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle priming (100&#xa0;ppm). Due to missing genotype data, one accession was excluded, and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed on 149 genotypes to identify loci associated with trait variation under salinity and priming.</p> Results <p>Significant genotypic variation was observed for all measured traits under salinity stress. Hydro-priming improved most traits overall, whereas nano-priming selectively enhanced heading date, thousand-kernel weight, number of spikelets per spike, and chlorophyll content, indicating treatment-specific physiological responses. GWAS identified 118 significant SNP-trait associations, including 16 multi-trait loci linked to salinity tolerance. On chromosome 3H, the sentinel marker SCRI_RS_204130 was associated with third-internode length under hydro-priming and with thousand-kernel weight under ZnO nano-priming, co-localized near a putative K⁺ transporter gene (<i>HORVU.MOREX.r3.3HG0297740</i>). Two additional loci on 3H co-localized with zinc-finger genes (<i>HORVU.MOREX.r3.3HG0222050</i> and <i>HORVU.MOREX.r3.3HG0286230</i>) affecting spike length and thousand-kernel weight.</p> Conclusion <p>Collectively, these co-localized loci explain covariance among morpho-agronomic and yield-related traits under salinity stress. The results highlight hydro-priming as the more effective treatment and provide candidate markers for marker-assisted selection aimed at improving salinity tolerance in barley.</p>

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Integrative GWAS reveals genetic determinants of salinity tolerance in barley under hydro and zinc oxide nano-priming

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月25日

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  • Yasser S. Moursi,
  • Wesam W. Abozaid,
  • Ahmed Shaaban,
  • Mohamed A. Karam,
  • Samar G. Thabet

摘要

Background and aims

Salinity stress severely reduces agricultural productivity worldwide, affecting crops at all growth stages. Enhancing yield under salinity requires understanding the genetic basis of morpho-agronomic traits. Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), the fourth most produced cereal and relatively salt-tolerant, provides a useful model for such studies.

Methods

A panel of 150 spring barley genotypes was evaluated under field conditions, exposing plants to 200 mM NaCl from early reproductive stages until harvest. Treatments included hydro-priming and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticle priming (100 ppm). Due to missing genotype data, one accession was excluded, and genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed on 149 genotypes to identify loci associated with trait variation under salinity and priming.

Results

Significant genotypic variation was observed for all measured traits under salinity stress. Hydro-priming improved most traits overall, whereas nano-priming selectively enhanced heading date, thousand-kernel weight, number of spikelets per spike, and chlorophyll content, indicating treatment-specific physiological responses. GWAS identified 118 significant SNP-trait associations, including 16 multi-trait loci linked to salinity tolerance. On chromosome 3H, the sentinel marker SCRI_RS_204130 was associated with third-internode length under hydro-priming and with thousand-kernel weight under ZnO nano-priming, co-localized near a putative K⁺ transporter gene (HORVU.MOREX.r3.3HG0297740). Two additional loci on 3H co-localized with zinc-finger genes (HORVU.MOREX.r3.3HG0222050 and HORVU.MOREX.r3.3HG0286230) affecting spike length and thousand-kernel weight.

Conclusion

Collectively, these co-localized loci explain covariance among morpho-agronomic and yield-related traits under salinity stress. The results highlight hydro-priming as the more effective treatment and provide candidate markers for marker-assisted selection aimed at improving salinity tolerance in barley.