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Aims <p>Tropical lowland forests with highly weathered soils are typically nitrogen (N) saturated and phosphorus (P) limited, yet how N saturation and P-limitation alleviation affect plant-derived residual carbon (PRC) and further influence soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration remains unclear.</p> Methods <p>We conducted a 15-year field experiment in an artificial evergreen broad-leaf forest with control, P supplementation (+ P), N supplementation (+ N), N and P application simultaneously (+ NP). We assessed their impacts on the PRC (via lignin phenols) and underlying mechanisms in surface (0–10&#xa0;cm) and subsurface soil (10–20&#xa0;cm) across dry and wet seasons.</p> Results <p>N addition raised the syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) ratio (+ 24.7%) in wet-season surface soil but reduced lignin phenols (–39.7%) in dry-season soils. The contribution of PRC to SOC content was reduced in both seasons in the surface and subsurface soils under N addition. P addition decreased PRC components (e.g., syringyl phenols: –61.1% in the dry season). NP addition increased PRC in wet-season subsurface soil (+ 37–65%). PRC’s contribution to SOC enhanced in the subsurface soils but reduced in the surface soils. Both random forest and partial least squares path modeling using pooled data from surface and subsurface soils revealed that biotic factors (MBN, BRC, NAG) dominated PRC variation in the dry season (R<sup>2</sup> = 92.4%), whereas abiotic factors (total N, nitrate, and SOC) were the primary regulators in the wet season (R<sup>2</sup> = 92.2%).</p> Conclusions <p>N and P synergy promotes the accumulation of PRC in subsurface soil, likely through hydrologically mediated fungal activity, offering a targeted approach to enhance carbon sequestration in N-saturated tropical forests.</p>

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Seasonal response patterns of plant-derived residue carbon to long-term supplementation of phosphorus and nitrogen in tropical forest soils

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Min Wang,
  • Lianghuan Huang,
  • Zhouxinnan Xu,
  • Xintong Lin,
  • Songyi Huang,
  • Jing Zhang,
  • Zhanfeng Liu

摘要

Aims

Tropical lowland forests with highly weathered soils are typically nitrogen (N) saturated and phosphorus (P) limited, yet how N saturation and P-limitation alleviation affect plant-derived residual carbon (PRC) and further influence soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration remains unclear.

Methods

We conducted a 15-year field experiment in an artificial evergreen broad-leaf forest with control, P supplementation (+ P), N supplementation (+ N), N and P application simultaneously (+ NP). We assessed their impacts on the PRC (via lignin phenols) and underlying mechanisms in surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface soil (10–20 cm) across dry and wet seasons.

Results

N addition raised the syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) ratio (+ 24.7%) in wet-season surface soil but reduced lignin phenols (–39.7%) in dry-season soils. The contribution of PRC to SOC content was reduced in both seasons in the surface and subsurface soils under N addition. P addition decreased PRC components (e.g., syringyl phenols: –61.1% in the dry season). NP addition increased PRC in wet-season subsurface soil (+ 37–65%). PRC’s contribution to SOC enhanced in the subsurface soils but reduced in the surface soils. Both random forest and partial least squares path modeling using pooled data from surface and subsurface soils revealed that biotic factors (MBN, BRC, NAG) dominated PRC variation in the dry season (R2 = 92.4%), whereas abiotic factors (total N, nitrate, and SOC) were the primary regulators in the wet season (R2 = 92.2%).

Conclusions

N and P synergy promotes the accumulation of PRC in subsurface soil, likely through hydrologically mediated fungal activity, offering a targeted approach to enhance carbon sequestration in N-saturated tropical forests.