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Aims <p>Saline-alkali stress severely constrains crop productivity by disrupting rhizosphere soil–plant–microbe interactions. This study investigated how tillage practices affect the rhizosphere microbiome, root metabolites, and nitrogen-related microbial functional potential in a wheat–soybean rotation system in saline-alkali farmland.</p> Methods <p>Single-season field sampling was conducted in saline-alkali farmland in Xinjiang, China. Metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were integrated to characterize rhizosphere microbial communities, functional profiles, and root metabolite composition under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Associations among key taxa, functional features, differential metabolites, and rhizosphere soil ammonium were analyzed to identify putative metabolite–microbe modules.</p> Results <p>NT reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community and was associated with the enrichment of diazotrophic taxa, particularly <i>Sinorhizobium</i>, whereas <i>Pseudomonas</i> showed higher relative abundance under CT. Under NT, the root-associated microbiota showed a more specialized structure and stronger links with nutrient status and metabolite-mediated interactions. Riboflavin- and sym-homospermidine-related metabolites/pathways were enriched under NT, suggesting their potential involvement in the recruitment or persistence of diazotrophic microbes. Network analysis revealed positive associations of <i>Sinorhizobium</i> with sym-homospermidine and riboflavin. Structural equation modeling further suggested that conventional tillage was associated with weakened metabolite–microbe relationships, reduced <i>Sinorhizobium</i> abundance, and lower rhizosphere ammonium availability.</p> Conclusions <p>Overall, our results suggest that no-tillage may favor a rhizosphere environment associated with rhizobial enrichment, nitrogen-related functional potential, and ammonium availability through metabolite-mediated microbial interactions. These findings provide multi-omics evidence for a putative metabolite–microbe mechanism underlying nitrogen cycling regulation in saline-alkali soybean systems, while direct measurements of biological nitrogen fixation are needed to confirm its functional contribution.</p>

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No-tillage shapes a Sinorhizobium-centered rhizosphere network in saline-alkali soybean fields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Zhe Chen,
  • Chuang Ma,
  • Zhiqiang Hu,
  • Zongling He,
  • Jianchao Zhang,
  • Shuyu Li,
  • Lingfang Zhu,
  • Xihui Shen,
  • Baowei Bai

摘要

Aims

Saline-alkali stress severely constrains crop productivity by disrupting rhizosphere soil–plant–microbe interactions. This study investigated how tillage practices affect the rhizosphere microbiome, root metabolites, and nitrogen-related microbial functional potential in a wheat–soybean rotation system in saline-alkali farmland.

Methods

Single-season field sampling was conducted in saline-alkali farmland in Xinjiang, China. Metagenomic sequencing and untargeted metabolomics were integrated to characterize rhizosphere microbial communities, functional profiles, and root metabolite composition under no-tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). Associations among key taxa, functional features, differential metabolites, and rhizosphere soil ammonium were analyzed to identify putative metabolite–microbe modules.

Results

NT reshaped the rhizosphere microbial community and was associated with the enrichment of diazotrophic taxa, particularly Sinorhizobium, whereas Pseudomonas showed higher relative abundance under CT. Under NT, the root-associated microbiota showed a more specialized structure and stronger links with nutrient status and metabolite-mediated interactions. Riboflavin- and sym-homospermidine-related metabolites/pathways were enriched under NT, suggesting their potential involvement in the recruitment or persistence of diazotrophic microbes. Network analysis revealed positive associations of Sinorhizobium with sym-homospermidine and riboflavin. Structural equation modeling further suggested that conventional tillage was associated with weakened metabolite–microbe relationships, reduced Sinorhizobium abundance, and lower rhizosphere ammonium availability.

Conclusions

Overall, our results suggest that no-tillage may favor a rhizosphere environment associated with rhizobial enrichment, nitrogen-related functional potential, and ammonium availability through metabolite-mediated microbial interactions. These findings provide multi-omics evidence for a putative metabolite–microbe mechanism underlying nitrogen cycling regulation in saline-alkali soybean systems, while direct measurements of biological nitrogen fixation are needed to confirm its functional contribution.