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Aims <p>Straw return increases soil organic matter, but it also raises greenhouse gas emission. To seek a balanced strategy, this study conducted a two-year rice planting experiment to investigate the effects of straw particle sizes and return methods on greenhouse gas emissions, soil fertility, and microbial communities.</p> Methods <p>This study comprised five treatments: no straw (CK), powdered straw mulching (SMP); segmented straw mulching (SMS); powdered straw burial (SBP); segmented straw burial (SBS).</p> Results <p>The results showed that straw particle size was a key factor in controlling CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, powdered straw (SMP and SBP) reduced cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by 39.95% and 24.54%, respectively, compared with segmented straw (SMS, SBS) (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). This mitigation effect was related to the significant changes in the soil microbial community. The highest CH<sub>4</sub> emissions under SBS were accompanied by a significant enrichment of the phylum <i>Bacillota</i> (class <i>Clostridia</i>), and its abundance was significantly positively correlated with cumulative CH<sub>4</sub> emissions (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). SMP enriched key saprophytic fungi such as <i>Ascomycota</i>, resulting in the highest SOC content in the topsoil (0–10&#xa0;cm).</p> Conclusion <p>A comprehensive trade-off analysis revealed that while segmented straw (SBS) maximized yield gain (up 14.23% over CK), it came at the cost of high CH<sub>4</sub> emissions. In contrast, powdered straw (SMP) offered a more balanced compromise, delivering a solid yield increase (8.52%) alongside superior performance in emission reduction and carbon sequestration. Therefore, SMP represents a strategy with potential for enhancing rice productivity while delivering environmental benefits.</p>

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Effects of straw return methods combined with particle sizes on greenhouse gas emissions and soil microbial community in paddy fields

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Jinhua Zhang,
  • Han Han,
  • Bingxiao Liu,
  • Xiangping Guo,
  • Shaoge Jin

摘要

Aims

Straw return increases soil organic matter, but it also raises greenhouse gas emission. To seek a balanced strategy, this study conducted a two-year rice planting experiment to investigate the effects of straw particle sizes and return methods on greenhouse gas emissions, soil fertility, and microbial communities.

Methods

This study comprised five treatments: no straw (CK), powdered straw mulching (SMP); segmented straw mulching (SMS); powdered straw burial (SBP); segmented straw burial (SBS).

Results

The results showed that straw particle size was a key factor in controlling CH4 emissions, powdered straw (SMP and SBP) reduced cumulative CH4 emissions by 39.95% and 24.54%, respectively, compared with segmented straw (SMS, SBS) (P < 0.05). This mitigation effect was related to the significant changes in the soil microbial community. The highest CH4 emissions under SBS were accompanied by a significant enrichment of the phylum Bacillota (class Clostridia), and its abundance was significantly positively correlated with cumulative CH4 emissions (P < 0.01). SMP enriched key saprophytic fungi such as Ascomycota, resulting in the highest SOC content in the topsoil (0–10 cm).

Conclusion

A comprehensive trade-off analysis revealed that while segmented straw (SBS) maximized yield gain (up 14.23% over CK), it came at the cost of high CH4 emissions. In contrast, powdered straw (SMP) offered a more balanced compromise, delivering a solid yield increase (8.52%) alongside superior performance in emission reduction and carbon sequestration. Therefore, SMP represents a strategy with potential for enhancing rice productivity while delivering environmental benefits.