Background and Aims <p>Soil biota can enhance plant P acquisition, but the extent of this enhancement varies considerably across crop species, and how soil biota modulates root physiological and morphological strategies employed by different crop species for P mobilization remains poorly understood.</p> Methods <p>Eight crop species were cultivated in sterilized and unsterilized soil amended with sodium phytate (100&#xa0;mg P kg⁻¹) as an organic P source. Multiple parameters were measured to characterize three P mobilization and acquisition strategies: microbial strategies, root physiological strategies, and root morphological strategies. Microbial community composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the diversity of P mobilization and acquisition strategies among the crop species.</p> Results <p>The P content of <i>Zea mays</i>, <i>Cicer arietinum</i>, <i>Arachis hypogaea</i>, and <i>Medicago sativa</i> was higher in unsterilized soil compared to sterilized soil. Soil biota modified other P mobilization and acquisition strategies, including reducing root carboxylate exudation in <i>Glycine max</i> and <i>Medicago sativa</i>. The PCA revealed distinct P mobilization and acquisition strategies with soil biota: <i>Zea mays</i> was closely associated with mycorrhizal symbiosis, <i>Arachis hypogaea</i> and <i>Medicago sativa</i> were associated with specific microorganisms, and <i>Vicia faba</i> mobilized P through root carboxylates.</p> Conclusion <p>Soil biota significantly enhanced P uptake in microbial dependent species. Moreover, soil biota modulated P acquisition strategies across species. These results suggest that optimizing species-specific plant–microbe interactions could be a practical approach to improve P use efficiency in low P soils.</p>