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Aims <p>Soil microorganisms are widely recognized as key mediators of soil carbon and nutrient cycling during forest development. However, the differential responses of bacterial and fungal communities and their functional guilds along plantation chronosequences remain insufficiently understood.</p> Methods <p>Four stand ages of <i>Pinus massoniana</i> plantations were investigated, including the young stage, middle aged stage, near mature stage and mature stage. High throughput sequencing, functional guild prediction, null model analysis and soil physicochemical measurements were used to assess microbial community dynamics and their associations with soil carbon and nitrogen contents.</p> Results <p>Organic carbon and total nitrogen were increased with stand development and peaked at the near mature stage, whereas available phosphorus declined continuously. Bacterial Shannon diversity was decreased with stand development, whereas fungal Shannon diversity showed a U-shaped pattern. Actinobacteria was reduced and Firmicutes was enriched, while Basidiomycota increased and Ascomycota and Mucoromycota declined with stand development. Predicted bacterial carbon cycling guilds changed nonlinearly, whereas nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction were most abundant at the near-mature stage. Several saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal guilds were enriched at the middle-aged stage, indicating stage dependent shifts in fungal decomposition and symbiotic nutrient acquisition potential. Stochastic processes, especially drift, were identified as the dominant processes in microbial functional group assembly, although deterministic processes increased for bacterial functional groups. Partial least squares path modelling indicated that bacterial nitrogen cycling guilds were positively associated with soil carbon and total nitrogen contents, whereas fungal diversity and functional guilds showed no significant associations.</p> Conclusion <p>Stand development was associated with distinct bacterial and fungal responses and stage dependent microbial functional potentials. Bacterial nitrogen cycling guilds showed the clearest association with soil carbon and nitrogen contents, highlighting their potential importance in plantation nutrient dynamics.</p>

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Differentiated responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to carbon and nitrogen cycling along a chronosequence of Pinus massoniana plantations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Jie Wang,
  • Mosheng Qiu,
  • Liehua Tie,
  • Huie Li,
  • Guijie Ding,
  • Qiqiang Guo

摘要

Aims

Soil microorganisms are widely recognized as key mediators of soil carbon and nutrient cycling during forest development. However, the differential responses of bacterial and fungal communities and their functional guilds along plantation chronosequences remain insufficiently understood.

Methods

Four stand ages of Pinus massoniana plantations were investigated, including the young stage, middle aged stage, near mature stage and mature stage. High throughput sequencing, functional guild prediction, null model analysis and soil physicochemical measurements were used to assess microbial community dynamics and their associations with soil carbon and nitrogen contents.

Results

Organic carbon and total nitrogen were increased with stand development and peaked at the near mature stage, whereas available phosphorus declined continuously. Bacterial Shannon diversity was decreased with stand development, whereas fungal Shannon diversity showed a U-shaped pattern. Actinobacteria was reduced and Firmicutes was enriched, while Basidiomycota increased and Ascomycota and Mucoromycota declined with stand development. Predicted bacterial carbon cycling guilds changed nonlinearly, whereas nitrogen fixation and nitrate reduction were most abundant at the near-mature stage. Several saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal guilds were enriched at the middle-aged stage, indicating stage dependent shifts in fungal decomposition and symbiotic nutrient acquisition potential. Stochastic processes, especially drift, were identified as the dominant processes in microbial functional group assembly, although deterministic processes increased for bacterial functional groups. Partial least squares path modelling indicated that bacterial nitrogen cycling guilds were positively associated with soil carbon and total nitrogen contents, whereas fungal diversity and functional guilds showed no significant associations.

Conclusion

Stand development was associated with distinct bacterial and fungal responses and stage dependent microbial functional potentials. Bacterial nitrogen cycling guilds showed the clearest association with soil carbon and nitrogen contents, highlighting their potential importance in plantation nutrient dynamics.