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Background and aims <p>Soil phytopathogenic fungi represent a significant threat to forest health, yet their biogeographical distribution and ecological drivers in natural forest ecosystems remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and ecological interactions of potential soil phytopathogenic fungi (PSPF) along a broad latitudinal gradient in China.</p> Methods <p>This study analyzed the potential soil phytopathogenic fungal community and its influencing factors across 30 natural forest sites spanning approximately 2,500&#xa0;km along a latitudinal gradient in China, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing.</p> Results <p>Approximately 3.07% of the fungal OTUs were identified as potential plant pathogens, comprising 1,227 OTUs across 119 genera. Both PSPF and plant alpha diversity significantly declined with increasing latitude, in contrast to total fungal alpha diversity. Random forest modeling identified plant Shannon index as the strongest predictor of PSPF diversity. SEM further revealed a significant positive relationship between PSPF and plant alpha diversity, with mean annual temperature (MAT), precipitation (MAP), and soil nitrogen forms (NO₃⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N) exerting indirect effects. Network analysis revealed that negative correlations accounted for 63% of the interactions within the inter-kingdom ecological network (IDEN) between plants and PSPF. Furthermore, the network topological index and latitude regression analysis indicated that interactions between plants and PSPF intensified with latitude, with significant increases in specialization and modularity.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings suggest that PSPF may exert a growing suppressive influence on plant diversity at higher latitudes, potentially shaping the latitudinal distribution patterns of plant communities in natural forests.</p>

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Distribution patterns of potential soil phytopathogenic fungi and their association with plant communities in natural broadleaved forests

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月27日

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  • Jin Li,
  • Wei Cong,
  • Haimang Yu,
  • Jing Cong,
  • Yuan Yang,
  • Zhen Li,
  • Ye Deng,
  • Kai Feng,
  • Yuguang Zhang

摘要

Background and aims

Soil phytopathogenic fungi represent a significant threat to forest health, yet their biogeographical distribution and ecological drivers in natural forest ecosystems remain poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the diversity and ecological interactions of potential soil phytopathogenic fungi (PSPF) along a broad latitudinal gradient in China.

Methods

This study analyzed the potential soil phytopathogenic fungal community and its influencing factors across 30 natural forest sites spanning approximately 2,500 km along a latitudinal gradient in China, using Illumina MiSeq sequencing.

Results

Approximately 3.07% of the fungal OTUs were identified as potential plant pathogens, comprising 1,227 OTUs across 119 genera. Both PSPF and plant alpha diversity significantly declined with increasing latitude, in contrast to total fungal alpha diversity. Random forest modeling identified plant Shannon index as the strongest predictor of PSPF diversity. SEM further revealed a significant positive relationship between PSPF and plant alpha diversity, with mean annual temperature (MAT), precipitation (MAP), and soil nitrogen forms (NO₃⁻-N, NH₄⁺-N) exerting indirect effects. Network analysis revealed that negative correlations accounted for 63% of the interactions within the inter-kingdom ecological network (IDEN) between plants and PSPF. Furthermore, the network topological index and latitude regression analysis indicated that interactions between plants and PSPF intensified with latitude, with significant increases in specialization and modularity.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that PSPF may exert a growing suppressive influence on plant diversity at higher latitudes, potentially shaping the latitudinal distribution patterns of plant communities in natural forests.